Augmentative

The augmentative or Augmentativum (from Latin: augmented " reproduction, growth ") is the magnification of a noun form and provides the contrast to the diminutive dar.

Features and Rules

There are two types of education: (eg eat up, the Erstglied away the augmentative function of the gain takes over ) and the synthetic form by means of the analytical derivatives formation by Syntagma. Here, a more precise distinction be made according to the components involved in the formation of Education with affixes (eg bomb heat, Telefonitis ) and Affixoiden (eg monkeys food, fashion guru ), some training will continue with Subaffixoiden (eg wrong decision, tirade ) considered separately.

The common use of the German prefix Un, such as in myriad, enormous sum, plethora or beast, is not used in these examples to be negative, but as augmentatives prefixoid with the semantic meaning "large". For some number words and the prefixoid can but express the augmentative, such as in thousands. The preposition over can be used as a prefix to word formations such as oversize, oversize, oversize, Superman.

Widespread is the augmentative in Italian, in which it is suffixed with -one ( m. ) or - ona ( f ) is formed; padre is the father, padrone the Lord or Master, padrona the mistress. In Portuguese, is the most common ending of augmentative -ao; it is grammatically masculine, but also be used as augmentative feminine nouns, for example, is Casarão (m.) a big house, derived from casa ( f ) or sapatão (m.) a great shoe, derived from sapato (m.).

Examples

Modern Greek

  • Masculine: - αρος [- aros ]
  • Feminines: - άρα [- ára ]

μύτη [ MITI ] (nose) is to μυτάρα [ mitára ] ( ' big nose '). The corresponding diminutive is: μυτούλα [ mitoúla ] ( nose )

The commonly used in the Greek vernacular Dimotiki Augmentativa are " sometimes very plastic [ ...] and [ be ] the Mediterranean temperament of the Greeks justice [ ... ]. Afford Here especially the endings- αρος ( male) and άρα (. female ) good service: η μύτη [i MITI ] (the nose), μύταρος [o mítaros ] = η μυτάρα [i mitára ] ( ο big nose ) the meaning is often [ ugspr also ' the great teeth .' ]. ironically, " not infrequently even pejorative (Source: Pavlos Tzermias, ' Neugrischiche grammar ', A. Francke Verlag AG, Bern, 1967).

An example of this is that the Greek section of the well-known story of the wooden Pinocchio, in which its much too tall Lies nose ( the ' mitára ') finally back to a normal, small nose ( a ' mitoúla ') shrinks. In the latter case is one of at least two common female. Diminutives ( Diminutive of feminine nouns, the masculine and Neutra know each other 's forms).

Italian

  • Porta (door ) is to portone (Tor )
  • Tromba (trumpet ) and viola ( viola ) will Trombone ( trombone ) and Violone
  • Tortellini or spaghetti will tortelloni or Spaghettoni

Portuguese

Suffix -ao:

Casarão (m, big house ) of casa (f) and sapatão (m, great shoe ) of sapato (m).

Russian

  • Masculines and neuters: - ище [- ischtsche ]
  • Feminines: - ища [- ischtscha ]

In Russian, for example formed from дом [ dom ] ( house ) домище [ domischtsche ] ( big house ). This is not to be confused with the diminutive домик [ domik ] ( house). Likewise бородища [ borodischtscha ] of борода [ boroda ] (Bart ).

Polish

  • Masculines and neuters: - isko
  • Feminines: - ica

In Polish, for example formed from dom ( house ) domisko ( big house ) and is not to be confused with domek ( house). From ciało (body) is cielsko.

Spanish

Suffixes: -ote/-ota, -ón/-ona, -azo/-aza

Botella (bottle) is to botellón ( big fat bottle).

Esperanto

In the international language Esperanto, the syllable - eg- is used; after a final vowel or syllable, as a regular way of common added that identifies the class of words ( -o for nouns in the singular, - oj plural nouns, -a for adjectives ,-e for adverbs, -i for verbs in the base form etc.). The opposite " diminutive " ( diminutive ) is formed with the syllable -et- on the basis of the Romance languages.

  • Pordo door pordego gate, door pordeto
  • Varma hot, varmega hot, lukewarm varmeta
  • Salti jump, make giant leaps saltegi, bounce salteti

The syllables can also be used as an independent word stems.

  • Ege very ( adverb ), eta small, low
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