August von Haxthausen
August Maria Franz Ludwig Freiherr von Haxthausen ( born February 3, 1792 in Bökendorf in the Bishopric of Paderborn, † December 31, 1866 in Hannover) was an agronomist, economist, lawyer, farmer and writer, as well as folk songs collectors.
Life
August Franz was descended from the noble family Haxthausen. He was the last of eight sons of the bailiff of the paderbornischen Office Lichtenau, Werner Adolf Freiherr von Haxthausen, Lord on Thienhausen, Bökendorf, Abbenburg and Hellersen, and the Baroness Marie Anne von Wendt ( noble ) -Pape Hausen. One of his four brothers was the Prussian state officials and philologist Werner von Haxthausen. He also had nine sisters. An approximately equal old step- niece was the poetess Annette von Droste- Hulshoff.
Born on the estate Abbenburg in the Bishopric of Paderborn, Haxthausen first studied in Halle an der Saale, where he in 1810 the Corps Guestphalia joined, and from 1811 in the mountain school Clausthal mountain specialist, participated in the wars of liberation and then sat from 1815 to 1818 in Göttingen his studies. The focus of his studies was a comprehensive work on land tenure, which, however, only the first part: Over the agrarian structure in the principalities of Paderborn and Corvey (Berlin 1829) appeared later. In 1818 he returned without being able to complete his studies, due to the critical financial position of the family estates after Bökendorf back and managed them in the meantime now Prussian final home before his older brother, Werner von Haxthausen took over in 1825. He remained unmarried. In 1843 he bought the neighboring castle Thienhausen, where he lived as a " tyrant of Thienhausen ". August von Haxthausen died New Year's Eve 1866 with his sister Anne of Arnswaldt ( noble ) in Hanover. It lies in the cemetery of Bellersen buried.
Public work
Even in his studies to Haxthausen had dealt with the agrarian history. 1829 Haxthausen was introduced by the later Prussian Interior Minister Gustav von Rochow in Berlin. He earned the favor of the then Crown Prince and later King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Consequently, in 1834 appointed a Privy Councillor, he traveled on behalf of the government for nine years the Prussian state to explore the rural constitution in the different provinces. Because of its conservative Catholic ethos he lost his 1838 diets and returned to the paternal estate Abbenburg. One last attempt in 1842 to obtain a permanent job, ended by saying that he retired from the Prussian civil service with a pension of 800 thalers.
As a connoisseur of the agricultural system Haxthausen 44 was invited by the Russian Tsar Nicholas I in 1843 / to travel to Russia to investigate the rural conditions there. To finance this trip he paid his salary from the State for one year in advance; the rest he had privately muster. This resulted in two travel works, "Studies in Russia" and " Transkaukasia ".
The results of his studies he published in various journals. The work published by him four treatises on the constitutional principle (Leipzig 1864, 2 Tle ) contains monographs by Karl Biedermann, Joseph Held, Rudolf von Gneist, Georg Waitz and Wilhelm Kosegarten. His last work: The Rural Constitution of Russia (Leipzig 1866), referring to the now completed peasant emancipation. August von Haxthausen also participated heavily in the Russian peasant emancipation of 1861. Moreover, a work compiled by him, extensive collection of sacred and secular folk songs originated.
Re- establishment of the Order of Malta in Germany
August von Haxthausen wore in his youth, as his older brother Werner, ostentatiously religious insignia of the defunct in Germany Order of Malta, which both could be painted later. It is possible that August's contacts with the Order of Malta and the Holy See have already been initiated by Werner von Haxthausen, the example is 1831 resided in Rome and also with the Bavarian King Ludwig I ( Bavaria ) was a friend who was a frequent guest in Rome, where he had in 1827, "Villa Malta " acquired. Since August was not married, he was admitted as a professed knight in the Order. He was at an advanced age ( from 1857 ) is the driving force for the recovery of the German branch of this ancient order of knights who had gone through the secularization. Only by joining with other people living in Germany knights as Clemens August von Westphalen zu Fürstenberg and sympathizers of the Order in contact. As a representative of the Holy See led by August Haxthausen years, tough negotiations with the government of Prussia. August took, encouraged by the re-establishment of the Protestant Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Order by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, in person at a trip to Italy in 1857 contact with the Order line in Rome. Thus authorized, he wrote a memorandum in 1858, where he laid down his thoughts on the re-establishment of the Order in Germany and that he sent to sympathizers in the Rhenish- Westphalian nobility. These included, inter alia, to Franz- Egon Graf von Hoensbroech, who committed himself most, Ferdinand Heribert von Galen and August Related Werner - Constantin von Droste zu Hulshoff and Hermann von and Brenken. His tenacious efforts led in 1859 to recognize the Order of Malta by Rome and until 1900 for state recognition as an association.
Relationship to Annette von Droste-
Haxthausen was a step-uncle of - about the same age - poet Annette von Droste- Hulshoff, the longer time with her mother, born Baroness von Haxthausen the family, was in her youth. Over time, broke the aversion of the poet, which was founded by August's involvement in their " youth disaster," and more mutual respect. Occasional also came to co-operate. The " story of a Algierer - slaves " documented by Haxthausen from the family records provided the impetus for writing the novel " The Jews Beech " by his niece, who is one of the world literature. For him, she wrote a report on the raging in Switzerland Sonderbundskrieg, which he published in Meersburg. August von Haxthausen was also involved in the preparation of publications from the estate of the poet.
Personality and Aftermath
August von Haxthausens character is indeed designated as active, restless, unsettled. Annette von Droste- lifts on the other hand shows his generous helpfulness towards friends. For poetry in general he had no sense. His attitude was unable politically conservative. The strong-willed personality and original August from Haxthausens inspired writers. Lulu Strauss and Torney Haxthausen described in her novel "From Biedermeier to Bismarck time " as " bully of Thienhausen ". Levin Schücking draws his image as a " Baron Bellersheim " in his novel " hostel of justice."
Aftermath up to the present time, the by Haxthausen significantly promoted recovery of the German branch of the sacred Order of Knights of Malta.
Works
- About the agrarian structure in the principalities of Paderborn and Corvey and their Conflicte at the present time, including proposals, the incriminating rights and liabilities resolve the land there. Reprint of the edition Berlin, Reimer, 1829 Bökendorf. Bökerhof - Ges, 1992 ( digitized ). .
- The rural constitution in the various provinces of the Prussian monarchy. Volume 1: The rural constitution in the provinces of East and West Prussia. Konigsberg: Bornträger, 1839 ( digitized )
- Volume 2: The rural constitution in Pomerania in amtl. Auftr of Alexander Padberg. Stettin, 1861.
- Etudes sur la situation intérieure, la vie et les national institutions rurales de la Russie. Hanovre: Hahn, 1847-53.
- The Russian Empire. (New impr. ) (London :) Cass, 1968.
- Les forces de la Russie sous les militaires rapports historiques, for Statistics, ethnographiques et politiques. Berlin, 1853.