Baraminology
In Creationism is the Baraminologie, occasionally typology or classification of discontinuity of the experiment, beings of creation, groups of animals and other beings as associate or jointly delimit each other.
The term was used in 1990 by Kurt P. Wise, based on the embossed by Frank Lewis Marsh in 1941 coined word " Baramin ", composed of the Hebrew words bara ( create ) and min ( kind ). This system intended to represent the different types, described in the Bible. These appear especially in the book of Genesis, in the descriptions of the history of creation and Noah's ark, in the " Leviticus " and Deuteronomy as a distinction between " pure" and " impure."
This theory has been sharply criticized for its lack of testing and for their subsequent Datenabwandlung so that the results better suited to the theory.
- 2.1 Early efforts of a demarcation
- 2.2 Baramin - distance
Classification
Baraminologie seeks to four words to form species or groups and can be distinguished:
- Holobaramin
- Monobaramin
- Apobaramin
- Polybaramin
Holobaramin
A Holobaramin is a whole group ( past and present ) that have a common origin and is therefore genetically related to each other. As an example, people form a Holobaramin because they were created ( according to the creationist view ) as a single species and therefore do not share any relationship by descent and Genetics with other animals.
In contrast, the universal theory of descent is an established and tested scientific theory that presupposes that all life originates from a common origin (and thus expressed in words of Baraminologie, a Holobaramin forms ). In any case, both are cladistics ( the research field of research is devoted to common descent ) is rejected and transitionale (transitional ) fossils of the Baraminologen.
Monobaramin
A Monobaramin is any part of a Holobaramin. As an example, dogs can be regarded as Monobaramin, as part of the Holobaramins the canidae ( canids ) which includes wolves as well. The term is very loosely defined, and also a few individuals of a species count as one Monobaramin.
Apobaramin
A Apobaramin is any number of complete Holobaramine grouped together. For example, all of the animals are called Apobaramin ( in the view of creationism ); they were not a single species at the time of its creation. This concept does not exist in evolutionary biology, all organisms share a common ancestry.
Polybaramin
A Polybaramin is a group which is composed of different Holobaraminen. As an example, the mammals that live currently in North America, form a Polybaramin. As a Monobaramin defined this as loose; Wayne Friar gives as an example "representatives of all human races that. Two kinds of pigeons, a dog, a lion, a tiger and a sunflower " This, no equivalent exists in evolutionary biology As with the other concepts.
Distinction of the created kinds
The question of demarcation between Baraminen is the subject of much discussion and debate between creationist biologists. A number of criteria have been identified.
Early efforts of a demarcation
The traditional criterion of membership in a Baramin was the ability to procreate hybrids and living offspring. Frank Lewis Marsh coined the term Baramin in his book Fundamental Biology (1941 ) and extended it to the concept in Evolution, Creation, and Science ( c. 1944), in which he pointed out that hybridization is a sufficient condition for membership in the same Baramin. Anyway, he showed that this was not a necessary condition, because species of Drosophila were observed that they cut a hybridization. In 1993, the German microbiologist Siegfried Scherer the common ability of living organisms to hybridize with a third kind, as a criterion before.
Baramin - distance
In order to refine this method, the concept of a " Baramin - distance" has been proposed. The initial study by Robinson and Cavanaugh tried various methods of catarrhine primates, including genetic tests and tests based on the ecology and morphology. In any case, a criterion for distinguishing between a Baramin when the literature indicates that these two groups are separated. So were methods that people not separated from animals discarded.
Scientific Status
The contents of the Baraminologie play in scientific research in the field of zoology and botany not matter.