Basel German

Spoken in

• Indo-European Germanic West - Germanic German upper German Alemannisch Niederalemannisch Basel German

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Gsw ( Swiss German )

Gsw ( Swiss German )

Basel German (also Baaseldytsch, Baseldytsch, Basel Dütsch ) is the dialect of the city of Basel and the surrounding area. It is the only Swiss-German dialect, which can be assigned to the low- Alemannic or at least in its classical form has a number of features, which also has the Niederalemannisch and differ from the High Alemannic.

Typical features of the traditional city -Basel German

• Vocal strain in an open syllable, ie before simple consonants ( [ ba: səl ]; otherwise disseminated High Alemannic [ basəl ] )
• Reduction of historical long vowel before Fortiskonsonant while maintaining its closed quality, such as Lyt, dytsch Bysse, schlyffe ( "People, German, bite, grind " ) with short / i / ( [lit ], [ ditʃ ], [ to ː ə ], [ ʃlif ː ə ] ).
• Unrounding of Middle High German = High Alemannic / y / and / ø / (BAS: mosques, TO AVOID: schöön "beautiful", BAS: grien [ gʁiən ]; TO AVOID: greet [ gryən ] "green"); therefore it is also called Baaseldytsch in contrast to the modern Basel Dütsch
• Long / u :/ is more sharped and unrounded articulated ( [ ʉ: mə ] " around " )
• Unshifted aspirated [k ʰ ] ([ k ʰ ind ] "child", otherwise High Alemannic: [ X IND ], pronounced " chind "), even aspirated [t ʰ p ʰ ] are more common than in other dialects
• Lenition: plosives in word-initial are usually lenited ( ie as unvoiced, short [ d]): Dyybli [ bli ː di ] " dove " (as well as in certain other high-and low Alemannic dialects )
• / r / is in most positions not as a " uvular r ", but as [ χ ] = ch pronounced ( [ UAE ː χ ] "who" )
• The suffix -ing is as - lig realized ( meeglig [me ː glig ] "possible", otherwise High Alemannic: possible [ Mowgli ] / möglech [ mœgləx ] )
• The suffix of the number words from " 20 " to " 90 " as in the written language implemented ( [ dʁisig ] " 30 " [ fuftsig ] " 50 ", otherwise the high- Alemannic driisg [ dri ː sg ], füftsg [ fʏftsg ] )
• Numeral "1000 " is pronounced with a diphthong ( [ dausig ], otherwise [ tu ː sig / sig you ː ] )

The parlance of the traditional city -Basel German

The old city of Basel German ( Baaseldytsch ) with all its characteristic features and differences to today's everyday Basel German is spoken only by a small, mostly older part of the population of Basel; However, all citizens of Basel are practically very well able to understand the old Basel German or even imitate.

However, the use of language has always also depends on the social class. That which is traded as " old, correct " Basel German, corresponds to the dialect as to the end of the 19th century in the more upmarket circles was spoken ( the Daig ). In the lower social groups (eg, " Rhine alley " ), it was never spoken in this form.

The current Basel German

Today, the everyday Basel German, which includes not only the city but also the surrounding area dominated. The everyday Basel German is the product of an ongoing convergence between the traditional city -Basel German and the basel German dialects in the Basel area, the Frick Valley, Laufental and Schwarzbubenland, which goes back to the massive immigration late 19th century and early 20th century. The adjustment is mutual: While in town the unrounding decreases spread typical city -Basel German features as the dominant " uvular r " beyond the city limits in the agglomeration of. A gap between urban agglomeration and the closer it no longer exists. The small differences between Basel, Liestal Rheinfelden, if ever, be seen only for locals. Today's German Basel (Basel Dütsch ) is the high- Alemannic closer than the original Basel German ( Baaseldytsch ). This trend towards High Alemannic is particularly noticeable in the not always been marked down Alemannic dialects country in the Basel area, the Frick Valley, Laufental and Schwarzbubenland, the farther you get away from the city of Basel, the more.

Differences everyday / original Basel German

Today's everyday Basel German differs substantially as follows from the traditional city -Basel German:

• Frequently no unrounding but u instead of i (eg " poor " instead of " dirftig "); " Wenni frooge dörft " instead of " Wenni frooge derft ", " Füür " [y ː ] (fire) instead Fyyr [i ː ]; therefore we also speak of Basel Dütsch in contrast to the traditional Baaseldytsch. Is still not unrounded ai [ aj ].
• More and more speakers vary between [ iə ] and [ yə ].
• The Fortis k or ch replaces the Lenis g in initial position; Ex "e klaineri property, " or "e chlaineri property " in everyday Basel Germans, "e glaineri property " in the traditional city -Basel German.
• "R" is not pronounced as "ch" (everyday Basel Dütsch: "Images", traditional town -Basel German: " Bildch " )
• Integration of originally Basel German - foreign words such as " Welcome " in the form of " Griezi " [ gʀiətsi ].

If the traditional city -Basel German displaced?

From the disappearance of the traditional city -Basel German but can be no question. People of Basel confidently go around with their language. Thus, the written form of the traditional city -Basel German practically found anywhere in the city The menus, billboards or in newspapers. There are also a Basel - German dictionary and a grammar. Of special significance is the traditional city -Basel German in the Basler Fasnacht, where care is taken, if possible not departing from the "pure" Basel German.

The everyday Basel German is the oral vernacular and is used almost exclusively in the local television and radio stations.

The Basel dialect interest group (IG dialect)

To outrage among sections of the public in 2008, the announcement by the Education Department to the fact that in pre- kindergarten teachers only allowed to use standard German up to so-called " dialect window ". The implementation of the order was withdrawn. As a result, formed a " community of interest Basel dialect " (IG dialect), among others, Dialect poet Carl Miville and Rudolf Suter, author of the Basel German standard works belong. The Executive Board of IG dialect persons are represented from all parties. Goals of the interest group are: dialect as a spoken language in kindergarten ( 20 percent high German window); Standard German as a language of instruction at the school and dialect as their language outside of class.

The IG dialect launched a stadtbaslerische popular initiative, which requires: "The language of instruction in the first two years after enrollment (kindergarten level) is dialect. High German is promoted in defined sequences. " Within a few weeks, more than 5,000 signatures collected. Would be needed in 3000 must be collected within one and a half years.

Despite the pending initiative was adopted to the school year 2009/2010 for the nursery the scheme that of the kindergarten teachers and kindergarten children for at least 50 percent Standard German must be used. Previously, it was - with the exception of the so-called experimental kindergartens - dialect used as the language of instruction.

About the initiative was voted on May 15, 2011, with the government presented a counter-proposal to the initiative. The initiative was approved by 55.11 % of the votes, the counter-proposal with 51.86 % of the votes. As in the tiebreaker question 222 votes accounted for more on the counter-proposal as to the initiative, thus the counter-proposal was accepted.

Related people's initiatives, there were about in the cantons of Zurich and Lucerne.

Basel in the Swiss German film

The produced mainly in Zurich Swiss dialect film Basel German long served to mark the villain. This stereotype is already in the oldest surviving dialect film Ya- soo! seen in 1935 and extends over the incurred in the course of spiritual defense Landammann Stauffacher from 1941, the film adaptation Gotthelf Uli the Tenant and the gambling in the city of Zurich bakery Zürrer up in fifties. About Documentaries and Dani Levy's " pepperoni " in the television series Motel from the eighties, the Basel dialect could rehabilitate film.