Benoni Defense

The Benoni Defence (or Ben- Oni ) is an opening of the chess game. It is among the Closed games and Indian defenses; it is therefore also called Benoni - Indian.

Etymology

The name comes from Hebrew and means son of mourning. He comes from a 1825 book by Aaron Reinganum, Ben Oni or the Vertheidigungen against Gambit trains in Schache. The name is taken from the first book of Moses. Rachel calls her second son so because she was close to death after severe birth and eventually died. Jacob, however, called him Benjamin, son of happiness, because he was the last son of his favorite wife.

In the 1930s, the German champion player Walter Loose from Dusseldorf called this opening in Loose - defense, as he applied it himself several times. This name has not been enforced.

Variants

We distinguish the structures

In the Old Benoni Defence waived White on c2 - c4. This field c4 free for a minor piece and Bb5 is sometimes an option.

If White hits the farmers in the second course, wins it back to black 2 ... e7 - e6 or 2 ... Qd8 - a5 again. White therefore usually continues with 2 d4 -d5 to narrow black. For this reason, the variation for a long time was considered very advantageously white.

Alekhine called the Old Benoni Defence in the form of 1 d2 -d4 c7 - c5 2 d4 -d5 e7 - e5 3 e2- e4 d7 - d6 even " chess sin " after seeing it in the World Chess Championship 1934 against Bogolyubov had applied. Instead Bogolyubov 4 f2 - f4 Alekhine recommended the lever f2 - f4 after 4 Nb1 - c3. Black should prepare for it by 4 ... a6 a7 - profit space on the queenside and simultaneously deny the Sc3 and the Lf1 the field b5.

In contrast to the Czech Benoni another Springer development as Ng8 - f6 is possible. This may come to his peasant f7 - f5 Black lever earlier. On 4 f2 - f4 e5xf4 5 Lc1xf4 Black strives with Ng8 - e7 - g6 blocking the backward pawn e4 on.

The German Grandmaster Lothar Schmid led in the 1950s to a playable build 1 d2 -d4 c7 - c5 2 d4 d5 d6 d7 - 3 e2 -e4 - f6 Ng8 4 Nb1 - c3 g7- g6 into practice, which is named in his honor Schmid- Benoni. The position after further 5 Lf1 - e2 Bf8 - g7 6 Sg1 -f3 - Sb8 a6 7 0-0 Sa6 c7 8 a2 -a4 a6 a7 - 9 Nf3 -d2 - d7 Bc8 10 Nd2 - c4 b7 - b5 resulted in Botvinnik - Schmid, Chess Olympiad 1960 Botvinnik continued his game with 11 e4 e5 more powerful..

Mixing with the Dutch Defence is 2 ... f7 - f5. In the English -speaking world is therefore called the Dutch Benoni.

1 d2 -d4 c7 - c5 2 d4 d5 - e7 - e6 3 e2 -e4 is called Franco - Benoni, because it arises mostly from the French defense. With further 3 ... e6xd5 4 e4xd5 d7 - d6 will surround the farmers d5 with his characters black. 5 Nb1 - c3 instead of c2 - c4 5 holds for the runner f1 diagonal open and closes Nf3 -d2 - c4 not from the maneuver, but by 5 ... a6 a7 - b7 - b5 threatened. Although White defends this space gain with 6 a2 -a4 from, but his minor pieces taken the field b5.

In the Czech Benoni, the game shifted by the completed center on the wings. Black strives for active counterplay on the kingside, and for a battle of the dark-squared bishop. These draws black to 4 Nb1 - c3 d7 - d6 5 e2 -e4 e7 after the Bf8. Short castling and Nf6 - e8 prepare Be7 - g5 ago. White has the Bauer advances b2- b4 and f2 - f4. End of the 70s won white with a system based on h2 - h3, Lf1 -d3, g2 - g4 and later 0-0-0 some victories.

5 ... g7- g6 leads to variations of the King's Indian Defense, where Black e7 - e5 to play c7 - c5 additionally. If white is it makes a kingside attack with g2 - g4 and h2 - h4, Black does not have the lever c7 - c6 against the pawn chain, which would give him counterplay on the c-file.

5 ... Sb8 - d7 shifts the preparation of the Bf8 to a train. On quiet trains like 6 g2 - g3 Black g7- g6 then only preference.

Because of its asymmetric character, it also offers opportunities to profit Black to play and is particularly appreciated by players who seek early aggressive counterplay. The world champions Tal, Fischer and Kasparov turned to her.

The typical game and defining element of this opening is characterized by the different distribution of the farmers. White has the peasant majority in the center, while black on the queenside pawn majority has a. The different basic strategies of both sides are that White has to try to break through in the center. Black, however, is trying to put pressure on the half-open e-file and to put his peasant majority on the queenside in motion.

While White in many variants enjoys space advantage and with the trains exerts e2- e4 and possibly f2 - f4 pressure on the center to Black strives to stabilize the field e5 ( Fianchettierung the dark-squared rotor ) to develop a dynamic counterplay on the queenside what is typically realized by the farmer advances a7 - a6 and b7 - b5 or directly ( possibly with the victim) c5 - c4. An alternative possibility for Black f7 - f5 by itself to initiate an attack on the king.

Nimzowitsch called Modern Benoni as " unfortunate extravagance ".

The main variants of the Modern Benoni Defence include:

• Fianchetto variant 4 Nb1 - c3 e6xd5 5 c4xd5 d7 - d6 6 Sg1 -f3 g7- g6 7 g3 - g2
• Nimzowitsch Variation 4 Nb1 - c3 e6xd5 5 c4xd5 d7 - d6 6 Sg1 -f3 g7- g6 7 Nf3 -d2 with the typical maneuver Nf3 -d2 - c4 to block the farmers c5 and the d6 weakness with additional to besiege Lf4.
• Classic variant 4 Nb1 - c3 e6xd5 5 c4xd5 d7 - d6 6 e2 -e4 g7- g6 7 Sg1 -f3 Bf8 - g7 8 Lf1 - e2

Around the turn of the millennium had become popular 8 h2 h3 0-0 9 Lf1 -d3.

• Three pawns attack 4 Nb1 - c3 e6xd5 5 c4xd5 d7 - d6 6 e2 -e4 g7- g6 7 f4 f2 Bf8 - g7

( This variation in shape with 8 Sg1 -f3 is often caused by diverter from the Four Pawns Attack in the King's Indian Defense )

White aims to fast - e4 e5 and it may now even drag already. After 8 LF1 b5 retraction SF6 d7 is almost forced.

The

• Vulture 1 d2 -d4 Ng8 - f6 2 c2 - c4 c7 - c5 3 d5 d4 - Nf6 -e4 and the
• Habichd 1 d2 -d4 Ng8 - f6 2 Sg1 -f3 c7 - c5 3 d5 d4 - c5 - c4

Are varieties of Ben- Oni - defense.