Bibliotheca Botanica

Bibliotheca Botanica is the title of a work by Carl Linnaeus in which he classified as bullet points corresponding to the first chapter established by Fundamenta Botanica aphorisms 1-52, the familiar botanical writings.

Work

The first edition appeared in 1736 under the full title Bibliotheca Botanica recensens Libros plus mille de plantis huc usque editos secundum systema Auctorum Naturale in Classes, Ordines, Genera & Species dispositos, additis Editionis Loco, Tempore, Forma, Lingua, & c. , Cum explicatione Fundamentorum Botanicorum pars Ima at the Amsterdam bookseller Salomon Schouten and additionally contained the text of the first edition of Fundamenta Botanica.

The first edition is dedicated to the Dutch physician and botanist Johannes Burman.

Genesis

Already in Uppsala Linnaeus was able to use the extensive libraries of Olof Rudbeck the Younger and Olof Celsius the Elder for his studies. In April 1735, he traveled to Europe to Holland at the University of Harderwijk to graduate. His path led him first to Germany where he was some time in Hamburg. There he met Johann Heinrich von Spreckelsen (1691-1764) know who possessed a large library and an extensive collection of curiosities.

After completing his doctorate on 23 June 1735 in Harderwijk Linnaeus traveled to Leiden, where he met, among numerous other personalities Johann Friedrich Gronov, whose library he also drew to rate for the extension of his manuscript of the Bibliotheca Botanica. On the recommendation of Herman Boerhaave Linnaeus was in August 1737 during his stay in Amsterdam a guest of Johannes Burman. Here he met George Clifford.

With the aid of libraries Burman and Clifford he finished on August 8, 1735 in the library of Johannes Burman Bibliotheca Botanica.

Foreword

With the library, as explained Linnaeus in his preface, he will deliver in a short and handy form the first part of his views on botany. His goal was to arrange the botanical authors and their writings for a " natural system ". Learners he wanted to make it easier so to keep track of which author has made ​​an outstanding contribution to a particular branch of botany.

The following compares the history of botany in the form of an allegory with the growth of a plant that matures from a seed at its height.

Content

The title page of the Bibliotheca Botanica announces the review of more than a thousand books, which are classified by a "natural system of authors " in classes, orders, genera and species. Linnaeus followed a principle of order which he had already applied Systema Naturae 1735 in the three kingdoms of nature, minerals, plants and animals.

He divided the botanical writings as follows:

Botanici ( botanist )

  • I. Fathers - Fathers Graeci, Romani, Asiatici, Arabes, Barbari
  • II Commentatores - commentators Theophrasti, Dioscoridis, Plinii, Avicennae, Mesures
  • III. Ichniographi - Sketcher Monstrosi, Rudes, Usitatissimi, Nitidissimi
  • IV Descriptores - historian Neglecti, Usitatissimi, Selecti, particulares
  • V. monographs - monograph Auctores, Disputatores
  • VI. Curiosi - researchers European, Exotici, Museographi
  • VII Adonistae - Botanical Gardens Pubici, privatization
  • VIII Floristae - Author of Floren Sveci, Dani, Germani, Belgae, Britanni, Galli, Portugalli, Hispani, Itali, Hungari, Poloni, Moschovitae
  • IX. Peregrinatores - discoverer European, Asiatici, Africani, Americani
  • X. Philosophical - philosophers Oratores, Eristici, Phytologi, Institute Tutores
  • XI. Systematici - systematic Heterodoxi, Universal, particulares
  • XII. Nomenclatores - nomenclature codes Synonym Istae, critici, etymologi, Lexicographi

Botanophili ( botany lovers )

  • XIII. Anatomici - Anatome Practici, Theoretici
  • XIV Hortulani - Gardener Universal, particulares
  • XV. Medici - pharmacologists Astrologi, Chemici, Observatores, Mechanici, Signatores, Chymologi, BotanoSystem
  • XVI. Anomali - Not allocated Poetae, Theology, Bibliothecarii, Biology, Miscellanei

The Roman numerals I - XVI. stand for the " class ", the listing just below the "order." Under the "Art " in his classification scheme he understood the title of a work or a larger portion of it. The various accounting requirements form the " varieties " and the name of an author serves him as "generic " in his system.

Requirements

Swell

  • John Lewis Heller: Linnaeus 's Hortus Cliffortianus. In: taxon. Volume 17, No. 6, December 1968, p 663-719
  • John L. Heller: Linnaeus 's Bibliotheca Botanica. In: taxon. Volume 19, No. 3, June 1970, pp. 363-411
  • Richard Pulteney: A General View of the Writings of Linnaeus. London, 1781, pp. 55f.
1736 in literature Genus Flora (publication) Book size Lorenz Heister
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