Birda
Birda ( German and Hungarian also Birda ) is a municipality in Timiş county in the Romanian Banat. The municipality includes the villages Birda Berecuṭa, Mânăstire and Sângeorge.
Geographical location
Birda located along the national road DN 52 and at the railway - Timisoara Resita. The place is located in the southeast of the circle Timiş, 43 km from Timişoara, 56 km from Resita. Birda is 92.5 meters above sea level.
Neighboring towns
History
Documented Birda was first mentioned in 1690 as a place with Romanian and Slavic population. The colonization by Germans was in Birda only after the completion of Swabia trains through internal migration in the Banat. Most German immigrants came from the favorite 18 km away and were of Protestant faith. Similarly, came settlers from Mezőberény, today Békés. More immigrants came from Kleinschemlack, Harta, Jarek, from the Zips, from Butin, Torschau, Clopodia, Vadkert, Rittenberg, Altker, Werbass and from Franz field.
On 4 June 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon. The largest, eastern part, which also Birda belonged, fell to Romania.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany all ethnic German conscript men were drafted into the German army. Even before the war, in January 1945, the deportation of all ethnic German women between 18 and 30 years and men aged 16-45 years was held kidnapped for construction labor in the Soviet Union. The land reform law of 23 March 1945 which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, the rural population deprived the livelihood.
On June 18, 1951, the deportation took place in the Bărăgan - steppe regardless of ethnicity. For this purpose, a plan to clean up the border area was designed by the Romanian government to Yugoslavia "by politically unzuverlässlichen elements." When the Bărăganverschleppten returned home in 1956, they got the 1945 expropriated houses and farms back of the field possession but was collectivized.
Economy
In the community Birda agriculture was the main industry. The farms engaged mainly in the cultivation of corn, wheat, barley, rye and oats. Over the years, the cultivation of specialty crops such as tobacco, hemp, peppers, melons, sugar beets, soybeans, sunflower, alfalfa and other clovers was added.
At craftsmen were masons, Wagner, blacksmiths, carpenters, oil presser, barbers, shoemakers, carpenters, tailors, saddlers, chimney sweep, Seiler, linen weavers, millers, butchers Spengler and later were added fitters, electricians, and Hatter.
The municipality could also have two guest houses and a grocery store.
Cultural life
The congregation Birda belonged to the First World War to the Mont Andi strictness of the Evangelical Church of Hungarian Germans. Since Birda was connected after the Treaty of Trianon Romania, the church in 1922 the Transylvanian Lutheran Church decided to join. Back in 1854 there were in Birda a house of prayer. The present church was handed over in 1907 to their destination.
Education there was in Birda already in 1842, but the lessons took place in a residential building. Thanks to generous donations from the villagers, the school building was completed in 1862. After the completion of the new church in 1907, the former house of prayer was converted into a school.