Birth rate
Birth rate is a term of demographics, with the number of live births per year is specified based on 1000 population.
The birth rate as the death rates are subject to short-and long -term changes. In the model of demographic transition (especially since the 1970s ), it is assumed that there is a clear trend from high down to low birth and death rates. This development can increase the dependency ratio. Say, the proportion of older people in the population would increase further. High birth rates and death rates would lead to a rise in the youth quotient. A particularly significant change in the birth rate experienced many states after the introduction of the contraceptive pill (the pill kink ).
Definition
In the Census Bureau, the number of live births per year per 1000 inhabitants is specified with the birth rate, so
With
Synonyms
Synonymous with the terms birth rate birth rate Birth digit gross birth rate, crude birth rate, general fertility rate and general fertility rate used in the demographic literature. In the latter two should be noted that this often has been referred to what is now usually called the general fertility rate.
The English term is crude birth rate, abbreviated as CBR.
Derived terms
Derivatives of the birth form, inter alia, Birth rates that are not based on the total population of a unit of space, but on sub-groups such as the urban population or rural population.
Birth rates, which are based on the number of women of childbearing age (or sub-groups thereof) are often or as fertility rates ( fertility based on the English term rate ) denotes fertility rates.
In particular, the following terms exist:
General fertility rate, general fertility rate
Lower GFR or general fertility rate ( GFR abbreviated for English general fertility rate ) is (ie gross of childbearing age) understood the number of live births per year per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. It can be quite high, although the crude birth rate - due to a high proportion of old people, men and / or children - has a low value.
As the " age " it sometimes takes here and below, for practical reasons, the difference between the year of birth of the child and date of birth of the mother, which, on average (± 1 year) about the mathematically exact age of the mother in question and not the number of completed years of life ( for example, are mothers who are 30 years old in the statistics, in common language, to half only 29 years old).
Age-specific fertility rate, age-specific fertility rate
Among the number of live births to women of a certain age will understand based on 1000 women of the appropriate age.
The amount of the age-specific fertility rates differ significantly with the age of women. For the age to 15 years and from 45 years to be close to 0, and in between there is usually a pronounced maximum, depends mainly on its position on the educational level of the considered women. In Germany it has shifted in the last 40 years from about 25 to 31 years.
Total fertility rate, total fertility paragraph
The total fertility rate ( TFR abbreviated total fertility rate for English) is divided by 1000 Sum of age-specific fertility rates.
Cohort -specific fertility rates, cohort- specific fertility rate
Also in the cohort- specific fertility rate (abbreviated CFR for English cohort fertility rate ) is an age-specific by 1000 divided total fertility rates, but the number of different years are summed, they refer to a single birth cohort of mothers. It is also referred to as the mean final number of children because it indicates the number of children who have had, on average, the women of a vintage, and is a more realistic measure than the aggregate fertility rate, but has the disadvantage that it can not be determined until after the concerned born child-bearing age has largely abandoned.