Bohemian Palatinate
As Neuböhmen since the beginning of the 20th century frequently those areas of the Upper Palatinate, Middle and Upper Franconia denotes that were " incorporated " from 1353 by Charles IV, the Kingdom of Bohemia. On the one hand so merged the territory with the constitutional complex of imperial power base, on the other hand also the autonomy regarding use and management was maintained. This incorporation was among others in 1356 legally codified by the Golden Bull. The recorded in " Bohemian Salbüchlein " 1368 places were indeed relatively short to Bohemia, though this period was especially for the further development of the northern Oberpfalz important.
This is important for the house power politics of the emperor territorial unit was from the beginning the character of a rule, a country, however, this unity began to unravel again after twenty years. This is probably why a catchy name did not prevail for the located in the Upper Palatinate Luxembourg possessions. The area was named by Bohemia from Bavaria trans silvam Boemicalem or " the emperor's reign to Bavaria ". Cities like Hersbruck and Auerbach are " located in the country to Sulczbach ".
History
In the era of Charles IV the acquisition policy of the Luxembourg aimed at the formation of a land bridge from Prague ( the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia ) on Nuremberg ( as a place of court days ) to Frankfurt (as a place of election of the Holy Roman Emperor ). After the coronation of Charles IV, Holy Roman German king in 1346 and his marriage to Anna of the Palatinate in 1349, he came closer to his goal that " high Born kunige to Beheimb by the same country more secure drag and komben mugen to the whale and chur a Roman kunigs and this same kunige to Beheimb the kayser union courtyard, which the durchleuchtigen kunige have gewonlich to Nuremberg, the bass and peaceable your desired mugen ".
The emergence Neuböhmens took place mainly on the way of pledge of lands and places. Already in 1322, the Empire Pawn shaft Eger by Emperor Louis IV to the Elector and King of Bohemia John, the father of Charles IV, pledged. After his election as German king Charles IV became a constitutional bond of the imperial city of Eger to the crown of Bohemia Letters will of the electors. The dowry for Anna was also paid by the bride's father Rudolf II the Blind not in cash but with the consent of his wittelsbacher cousins in the form of pledges. Since Charles 's wife Anna died in 1353 before her father, Karl could the territories of the Palatinate Wittelsbach in Bavarian Nordgau, " the Palatinate land to Bavaria " or " the Electoral Palatinate hieoben to Bavaria ", not back through inheritance. The term " Upper Palatinate " or " Oberpfalz " became common to only one from the 16th century.
Both Rudolf II and Ruprecht I of the Red IV were greatly indebted to Karl, so that the creation of a territorially contiguous ownership was possible. The economic strength of Bohemia enabled Karl to acquire extensive lands of the "eternal need of money Palatine ." In addition, the fief Veldener forest by the Bishop of Bamberg in favor of the Bohemian king was re- awarded. In return, Charles transferred the Wittelsbach various possessions. Already in 1347 Charles had redeemed the kingdom -down as a deposit from the Viscount of Nuremberg Burghuten raft and parking stone. This was rounded in terms of area in the fall of 1353, the area Neuböhmens about.
Until 1363, Charles IV has expanded its home country as planned and purposeful. Since the 1350s he created for Neuböhmen a seemingly modern management, which was directly responsible to the king of Bohemia. At the top of the first introduced royal officials was a governor with headquarters in Sulzbach.
From 1373 Charles IV changed his dynastic power politics and sought access to the Baltic Sea. That's why he came back to the southern part of the Wittelsbach off to it to acquire by Margrave Otto V the Mark Brandenburg. The seat of the nurse and of the District Court were transferred to Auerbach.
Until 1400/ 01 had Charles's son and successor Wenceslas dominion over the remaining neuböhmische area. When he was deposed by the German electors, the country again fell for the most part in the hands of the king Palatine Ruprecht. There are few areas remaining Bohemian fief.
Economic Development
Sulzbach was extended to the administrative seat. The Golden Road introduced an important transport link through the territory. With the 1368 tax to published directory (" Bohemian Salbüchlein " ) should get clear fiscal rules the area. Despite further acquisitions it never succeeded Charles to shape from the assembled individual territories a geographically closed structure. Karl promoted the region intensively through tax breaks for craftsmen and traders, as well as privileges for investors and markets.