Boletus
Common cep (Boletus edulis)
The Boletus (Boletus ) are a genus of the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten ( Boletaceae ). The type species is the Common cep (Boletus edulis).
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
The form Boletus medium to large fruiting bodies, which are characterized by thick, basally usually thickened stems, with a reticular or finely flaked, less often bare surface and tubular hymenophore. The hat is usually cushion -shaped, with dry, feinfilziger or bare surface, only the red blood bolete (Boletus dupainii ) is slimy young. The hat color of each species ranges from whitish over gray and various shades of brown to black-brown, even within species, the Hutfärbung vary. The tube layer is different, sometimes very colorful, colored. The spore powder is usually olive green, the spores are smooth and fusiform. The Trama (meat) is white to yellowish, sometimes strongly blauend, never blackening or reddening ( only in exceptional cases on the lower stem portion ), it can taste bland or bitter. A veil is not available.
Ecology
The Boletus form ecto mycorrhizal with various trees, with some very highly specialized ecotypes occur.
Dissemination
The genus Boletus is spread throughout the world, especially species- rich it is in the warm temperate zones.
Conservation aspects
All species of the genus Boletus in Germany are protected and may only be collected in small quantities for personal use. Some species such as the Bronzeröhrling are fully protected and may not be collected for food purposes. The German Mycological Society has been selected with the Bronzeröhrling (2008 ) and the Satansröhrling (1999) two fungi of the genus for the fungus of the year.
Species
In Europe, the Boletus include about 60 species, varieties and forms.
Bronze Boletus or Porcini Schwarzhütiger Boletus aereus
Appendage Boletus Boletus appendiculatus
Chestnuts Boletus Boletus badius
Schönfuß Boletus Boletus calopus
Blood Red Witch Boletus Boletus dupainii
Common cep Boletus edulis
Silver or Summer Boletus Boletus fechtneri
Pungent Röhrling Boletus fragrans
Blue Ender King Boletus Boletus fuscoroseus
Le Gals purple or Wrong Satan Boletus Boletus legaliae
Netzstieliger witches Boletus Boletus luridus
Gelbhütiger Purple Boletus Boletus luteocupreus
Boletus mendax
Tear Santander witches Boletus Boletus permagnificus
Pine bolete Boletus pinophilus
Black Blue Ender Röhrling Boletus pulverulentus
Glattstieliger witches Boletus Boletus queletii
Root Santander Bitter Boletus Boletus radicans
King Boletus Boletus regius
Blue stain Ender Purple Boletus Boletus rhodopurpureus
Blasshütiger or Rosahütiger Purple Boletus Boletus rhodoxanthus
Wine Red Purple Boletus Boletus rubrosanguineus
Satan Boletus Boletus satanas
Coniferous forest appendage Boletus Boletus subappendiculatus
Ox Röhrling Boletus torosus
System
The delimitation of the genus is handled differently by different authors and also the species concepts within the genus differ to some extent, which is also different to the numbers of species found: Krieglsteiner, Gminder and winter Hoff give a number of 150-200 species worldwide on, Dörfelt about 60 to some extent, inter alia, the genera dwarf boletes and Filzröhrlinge assigned to the genus Boletus. For the separation of the sections within the genus, the color of the tube mouths is primarily used, which is best examined in young fruit bodies without mature spores; in older fruit bodies the color of the tube mouths is falsified by the Olivton the spores.
Importance
The genus Boletus include some very popular edible mushrooms, such as the boletes. Other species, such as the Satansröhrling, considered to be toxic or taste bitter.