Botanischer Garten Erlangen

Erlangen Botanical Gardens is a garden area immediately north of the Erlangen Castle Garden in Erlangen.

It is a facility of the Friedrich -Alexander -University Erlangen -Nuremberg. There about 4000 species are cultivated on an area of ​​about two hectares and the visitor. In the greenhouses, plants can be seen from different vegetation zones, including high mountain Mediterranean plant in the Alpine mountains, and plants of the Macaronesian islands in the Canaries house. In addition, there are greenhouses for succulent plants of the deserts and semi-deserts, including many cacti. In the field, a spice garden with some very old crop has been created. A bio- ecological system turns out the relationship between the shape of the plant and its environment. Selected plant species are planted according to their family relationships and are interested in more detail bring the system of the plants. In addition, there are systems that represent the native vegetation types, such as an early flowering meadow.

In children, the pool of water with fish, frogs and newts are very popular.

Inside the garden, there is also the Neischl Grotto, an artificial cave. It was refurbished until May 2008 and is now back regularly available ( May-September Sundays 14-16 clock ).

History

Garden before the Nuremberg Gate

After the founding of the Friedrich -Alexander- University of Erlangen in 1743 to Casimir Christoph Schmidel continued, the Chair of Anatomy and Botany, for a botanical garden the plant a. Margrave Christian Friedrich Carl Alexander donated to the University in 1770 a plot of land on the northern edge of the castle gardens, where there is now the Botanic Gardens. However, the University acquired the same year a garden plot at the Nuremberg Gate and began to set up the Botanical Garden there. To the director of the medical professor Johann Christian was appointed by Schreber. 1771 Adam Rümmelein was set as the Botanical gardener, who led the garden until 1825. This first garden was an area of ​​two Rhenish morning less than today's Botanical Garden. He was surrounded by a wall, had a well and a 141 feet ( about 42 m) long greenhouse timber-framed. The land was sold in 1826 and used in the next 100 years by a garden restaurant. Today, it is entirely built over, it corresponded to the area between the present Nürnberger Straße, Henkestraße, driveway and Southern Stadtmauerstraße.

Designed in the castle garden

The laying of the Botanical Garden in the palace gardens were approved in 1825, a year later, work began on the new system under the direction of Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch. The actual Botanical Garden took a 300 meter long and 60 meter wide strip on the north side of the castle garden. This is followed by a smaller plot followed, where some buildings and a small greenhouse stood. Overall, the garden was 2.15 hectares. The elongated plot was divided into numerous transverse beds in which you grew medicinal plants, Annual or Perennial Plants. On the eastern and the western edge there were already groups of trees, more trees were first planted not.

Economical Garden

On the opposite south side of the castle garden, a garden with a tree -economic school was created, which was also public. There, among other things, in 1000 mulberry trees were raised, they were sold to breeders of silkworms between 1829-1831 earned 200 guilders a year. A mulberry tree from that time still stands at the entrance to the Botanical Gardens next to the children's hospital. In one part of the economic garden one tried to grow grains and oilseeds, which brought no income because of poor, dry soil. The economic garden was therefore leased from 1840. The area was built over most of 1884-1896 with university buildings.

Transformation in the 19th century

Koch's successor as director was Adalbert Schnizlein, who led the garden from 1849 to 1868. In his time the Botanical Gardens had five free-standing greenhouses that were partly equipped with a Thermosiphonheizung. In the greenhouses were already 1700 plant species to find in the wild about 3300 species. In 1850 they separated the botanical garden of the castle garden by a fence from which in 1885 replaced by a metal fence. Schnizleins successor Gregory Michael Kraus (1869-1872) and Maximilian Franz Ferdinand Rees (1872-1901) designed the garden: the plants were planted, for example, according to phytogeographical or systematic criteria in groups, between which ran the way. There was already a system facility, which should convey the systematics of the plant kingdom and a large collection of medicinal plants. Because of the lack of space in the garden began to create an arboretum at the neighboring castle garden. Of these, only a few trees have been preserved, including a black walnut front of the Orangerie.

The Botanical Institute was initially housed in the former Hofgärtnerhaus, an old greenhouse served as a lecture hall. In 1892 the new building of the Botanical Institute was completed, which was built in the middle of the garden. There are also an auditorium and teaching collections were housed.

Botanical Garden in the 20th century

From 1901 to 1920 Hans Sole Reder was director of the Botanical Garden. He expanded the plant stand and had to create a biological system according to Innsbruck model. Adalbert Neischl donated to the Botanical Gardens in 1907 a replica of a limestone cave. After brine Reder introduced Peter Claussen (1920-1922) and Kurt Noack (1922-1930) the Botanical Garden.

Under the Garden Board Schwemmle Julius (1930-1945 and 1948-1962) were first redrawn several greenhouses; the plant population was systematically expanded. This development was thwarted by considerations for laying the Botanical Garden, on the grounds of various university institutes should be built. During the Second World War, the major greenhouse shellfire suffered. 1958, growing at the Botanical Institute was completed. From 1961 to 1963, the greenhouses were completely rebuilt and enlarged its base on 1510 m². Schwemmle used larger areas in the garden for the cultivation of evening primrose plant genetic experiments. 1963 was placed on these surfaces on the biology of plant as well as the summer location for subtropical plants.

Successor Schwemmles was Wolfgang Haupt, who soon left the management of the garden the plants sociologists and plant taxonomists Adalbert Hohenester. From 1968 to 1985 Hohenester was Garden Board. A 1975 put forward by Günther Grzimek opinion on the transformation of the castle park looked for the botanical garden lawns and a cafeteria. These proposals, however, were never realized.

The new alpine garden was completed in 1968, a new farm building in 1972. Transforming the medicinal garden, where the plants are arranged according to their active ingredients, was completed in 1978. With donations was achieved in 1998 the construction of a 90 square meter greenhouse for plants of the Canary Islands be started. Since 1990, the Botanical Garden is also steering the aroma garden.

Donat- Peter Häder was appointed in 1988 to the chair of botany, so he also became director of the botanical garden. Currently, Norbert Sauer is director of the garden.

Others

Since March 1998 there has been the Friends of the Botanical Garden Erlangen eV ( FBGE ), the obtaining of the Botanical Garden and the anchoring of the garden in the public consciousness as well as the continued free access for the population is the goal.