Brucella

Brucella under the light microscope ( Gram stain )

  • Brucella abortus ( Schmidt 1901) Meyer & Shaw 1920
  • Brucella canis Carmichael & Bruner 1968
  • Brucella ceti Foster et al. 2007
  • Brucella melitensis ( Hughes 1893) Meyer & Shaw 1920
  • Brucella neotomae Stoenner & Lackman 1957
  • Brucella ovis Buddle 1956
  • Brucella pinnipedialis Foster et al. 2007
  • Brucella suis Huddleson 1929
  • Brucella microti Scholz et al. 2008
  • Brucella inopinata Scholz et al. 2009

Brucella are short, rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Brucella. This gram-negative aerobic bacteria and are found in the urinary and genital organs of cows, sheep and pigs. You can very rarely cause a generalized infection in transmission to humans. Therefore, pasteurized dairy products in most countries. A proof in the milk can be done by means of an abortion - Bang - ring sample.

The name honors the English military doctor David Bruce.

Taxonomy

Previously, numerous species were distinguished in the genus Brucella. On the basis of DNA pedigrees, it is nowadays only one species Brucella melitensis. The former species were classified as Biovarietäten of Brucella melitensis. In practice, however, usually held at the old species classification. Previously they were collected called Parvobakterien.

Brucellosis

Pathogenesis

By direct contact with infected animals or indirectly via contaminated food (especially unpasteurized milk). The bacteria enter through the mucous membranes and implants itself in phagocytes ( micro-and macrophages) a. This they are transported to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, bone marrow and other tissues, in which cells they can survive and even multiply. For these shelters, the pathogen can spread into the blood in batches.

Clinic

The Brucella are causative agents of brucellosis. After an incubation period of 1 to 4 weeks occurs after infection of the intestinal mucosa, spread over macrophages in the lymph system by a colonization of the lymph nodes to a lymphadenitis. From here there is a spread via the blood ( hematogenous ) and infection of organs ( esp. liver, spleen, bone marrow) control there granuloma formation. In the patients experience relapsing fevers, which may also be associated with chills. The relapsing course of symptoms is due to release of proliferating bacteria from infected organs into the bloodstream control there stimulation of cytokines.

The disease is also called undulant fever, Bang'sches fever, Malta fever or Bang 's disease.

Bioweapons

In the U.S., Brucella are examined in the context of biological weapons ..

Proteobacteria Rhizobiales Karl Friedrich Meyer Aerobic organism England David Bruce (microbiologist) Lymphadenopathy
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