Burkholderia
Burkholderia pseudomallei on an agar plate in a Petri dish
The genus Burkholderia (formerly part of the genus Pseudomonas ) comprises a group occurring everywhere, gram-negative, Portable, obligate aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria, some of which are pathogenic for humans, animals and plants, but also contains important environmental species.
In particular Burkholderia xenovorans (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia, Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia Fungorum then ) is recognized for its ability organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs) reduce.
The use of Burkholderia species for agricultural purposes (such as biodegradation, biological pest control and as plant growth supportive root bacteria) has given rise to discussions about the possible pathogenic effects on immunocompromised people (especially patients with cystic fibrosis ( CF ) and those at hospital infections suffer ). Due to their antibiotic resistance and the high mortality of the diseases they induce ( Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei ), they are also considered potential biowarfare agents, which can be used against humans and animals.
Some Burkholderia species go with the fungus Rhizopus microsporus a symbiosis ( Burkholderia rhizoxinica and Burkholderia endofungorum ) while producing the toxin rhizoxin.
Name
The genus was named in 1992 ( with errata 1993) by Eiko Yabuuchi and their employees after phytopathologists Walter Hagemeyer Burkholder, taught the mid-20th century at Cornell University, and described a number of plant pathogenic bacteria.
Species
The following species belong to the genus Burkholderia:
- Burkholderia ambifaria Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia anthina Vandamme et al. 2002
- Burkholderia brasilensis
- Burkholderia caledonica Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia caribensis Achouak et al. 1999
- Burkholderia caryophylli ( Burkholder 1942) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia cenocepacia Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia cepacia ( Palleroni & Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi et al. 1993 ( type species )
- Burkholderia cepacia complex
- Burkholderia dolosa vermis et al. 2004
- Burkholderia endofungorum Partida -Martinez et al. 2007
- Burkholderia Fungorum Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia gladioli ( Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia glathei ( Zolg & Ottow 1975) Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia glumae ( Kurita and Tabei 1967) Urakami et al. 1994
- Burkholderia graminis Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia hospita Goris et al. 2003
- Burkholderia kururiensis Zhang et al. 2000
- Burkholderia mallei ( Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia multivorans Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia phenazinium ( Bell & Turner 1973) Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia phenoliruptrix Coenye et al. 2005
- Burkholderia phymatum Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia phytofirmans Sessitsch et al. 2005
- Burkholderia plantarii ( Azegami et al., 1987) Urakami et al. 1994
- Burkholderia pseudomallei ( Whitmore 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia pyrrocinia ( Imanaka et al., 1965) Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia rhizoxinica Partida -Martinez et al. 2007
- Burkholderia sacchari Braemer et al. 2001
- Burkholderia singaporensis
- Burkholderia sordidicola Lim et al. 2003
- Burkholderia stabilis Vandamme et al. 2000
- Burkholderia terricola Goris et al. 2003
- Burkholderia thailandensis Brett et al. 1998
- Burkholderia tropica Rice et al. 2004
- Burkholderia tuberum Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia ubonensis Corrig. Yabuuchi et al. 2000
- Burkholderia unamae Caballero - Mellado et al. 2004
- Burkholderia vietnamiensis Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia xenovorans Goris et al. 2004
The following species are known for their people or Tierpathogenität:
- Burkholderia mallei, the causative agent of glanders Perissodactyla; is pathogenic for humans
- Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis
- Burkholderia cepacia, a major cause of cystic fibrosis associated with lung infection in humans