Bus driver

Professional driver / f is in Germany and in Austria, road transport specialist / clerk in Switzerland, the job title for professionally qualified drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers by road.

In the States, the European Union is entered in the license as proof of qualification, the driver is usually the harmonized code number 95 ( Community code 95). In Germany the professional qualification of the driver for the Professional Driver Qualification Act is regulated.

Professional Driver initial qualification

In Germany the initial qualification and periodic training in the trades professional drivers and professional when driving in the Professional Driver Qualification Act ( BKrFQG ) and the Regulations for the implementation of the professional driver qualification ( BKrFQV ) is regulated. In Austria, the initial qualification and periodic training in the transport of goods Act and the ordinance issued on the " initial qualification and periodic training regulation - professional drivers " controlled ( ARC). These basic qualifications must be demonstrated and renewed at least every five years by a further development. The requirement of a basic qualification does not yet apply to drivers of goods by road, who have obtained their driving license ( categories C, C1 or equivalent class) before 10 September 2009. For passenger with the classes D, D1 this date shall be 10 September 2008. These drivers ( " Besitzständler " ) but have until 10 September 2014 ( D, D1 to 10 September 2013) complete a training and then in repeat every five years.

With these regulations, the European requirements of Directive 2003/59/EC been transposed into national law.

Basic requirements

Trips of commercial goods and passenger must be carried out only by persons who have acquired at least one special initial qualification. This does not apply to drivers in the transport of persons that hold a license in categories D1, D1E, D ​​, DE or an equivalent class, which has been granted before 10 September 2008 and for drivers in the transport of goods which a license in categories C1, C1E, C, CE or equivalent class ( road transport) have, which has been granted before 10 September 2009. The following licenses of driving licenses are required depending on the vehicle type used:

• Class C1 for trucks between 3.5 t and 7.5 t permissible total weight ( and trailers up to 750 kg Permissible Total wt. )
• C1E for trucks between 3.5 t and 7.5 t permissible G. ( and trailers over 750 kg Licensed G., max. Zugges. wt. 12t )
• Class C for trucks over 7.5 tonnes gross G. ( and trailers up to 750 kg Permitted G. )
• CE class for trucks over 7.5 tonnes gross G. ( and trailers over 750 kg Licensed G. )

When the driving test the candidates must (eg backward starting at a loading ramp, rear maneuvering ) dominate certain maneuvers. Prerequisite for learning these classes is the category B driving license (car), the first - aid certificate (8 two-hour sessions, " life support / LSM " is not enough here ), an eye doctor's certificate and a medical certificate of health.

If an appropriate certificate of competency has been achieved, the driving license of the so-called Community code 95 is entered. This is a harmonized code number of the European Union. The entry is in Germany: 95 drivers / lorry driver is the owner / holder of a certificate of professional competence and qualifications of duty in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2003/59/EC of 15 July 2003 to ... met.

The new initial qualification for drivers, knowledge and skills that go beyond the safe operation of a vehicle of the relevant license category. Here is a very brief and simplified representation:

• The duration of this initial qualification can be 280 hours.

The visit a preparatory course is required by law but not required.

• Everyone must perform 20 hours individually a vehicle of the relevant classes
• Be accompanied by an instructor during the tour of a vehicle
• After completion of a written (4 hrs ) or practical exam (90 min ) store.

All the five years from mandatory continuing education courses 35 hours at an approved training center.

The driver qualification card in the blue print square, with twelve yellow stars as background with individual data:

In these languages:

• Tarjeta de cualificación del conductor
• Chaufføruddannelsesbevis
• Driver qualification
• Driver qualification card
• Carte de qualification de conducteur
• Carta cáilíochta tiomána
• Carta di qualificazione del conducente
• Kwalificatiekaart bestuurder
• Carta de qualificação do motorista
• Kuljettajan ammattipätevyyskortti
• Yrkeskompetensbevis promote förare

Transport of dangerous goods

Drivers transporting dangerous goods require a dangerous goods license, as so-called ADR certificate, which is valid in all European countries. The dangerous goods license shall be issued for certain classes of dangerous goods. There are nine such classes of dangerous goods. To (5 years validity ) get the " ADR certificate ", a multi-day training must be attended and an examination before the Chamber of Commerce are stored. For Classes 1 and 7 special conditions shall apply.

Drivers transporting dangerous goods must comply with specific provisions. So they need when the weather conditions drive the nearest parking lot and wait until the weather has improved.

In Europe there are routes that are locked for transport of dangerous goods.

Controls

Professional drivers and their vehicles ( security flaws ) are controlled in Germany by highway police, customs and the Federal Office for Goods Transport (BAG ). In addition to the controls on the vehicles and cargo securing ( LASI ) comes even as another focus of balancing the speedometer disc to manual systems and the readout of the Digi -Tacho added to penalize driving time overruns. In addition, Civilian controls relating to distance and speed are carried out on the road

The German three-year dual training for professional drivers or for professional lorry driver

Professional driver / in is a nationally recognized training occupation (skilled worker ) for driver activity in the passenger and freight transport. The three-year course is based on the professional driver training regulations. The aim of the dual training is to empower the professional driver for a safe, responsible and self- drive vehicles in both the passenger and in the work, goods, local and long distance traffic.

For guiding a bus in regular service you can alternatively complete the vocational training specialist when driving ( FiF ). There is also about commercial activities than just the run of buses ( and tram cars ). This training is becoming increasingly popular and is now frequently offered as the training of professional drivers in transport companies.

Prerequisite for the formation

A special educational requirement does not exist, but it should be at least a secondary school. The minimum age is 16 years, however, the driver's license or a driving license B E, are acquired with the age of 17 and C1 E only at age 18, the bus driver's license until the age of 21. The fitness test to obtain the driving license is for both the setting to form the BKF as well as for the license, C and E, a necessary legal requirement. In the last year of training may or may not already driving heavy vehicles with 40 tonnes GVW and the 18 -year-old apprentice when he has obtained the license on an individual exception.

Personal requirements

Health for obtaining the driving license C E, responsibility, autonomy, reliability, enjoy working with digital and technical equipment, flexibility, mobility, good physical condition and good nerves. In addition, professional drivers used in long-distance transport should note that can not be guaranteed to be home on the weekend again ( depending on dates and driving bans! )

Training

The professional training of BKF is based on the professional driver training Regulation ( BKV ) in a " training plan ", in a haulage or bus operation and in the vocational school. The training duration is three years. There are activities and knowledge are conveyed that the trainee is prepared to exploit a skilled occupation. These include in particular the self-employed planning, implementation and evaluation. It must be performed a record book in the form of qualifications. An interim test to determine the level of training is to take place before the end of the second year of training. The final examination before an examination committee of the German Chambers of Industry and Commerce ( IHK) extends to the listed skills, knowledge and on the mediated in professional education curriculum. After successfully completing the skilled worker examination, the trainee receives the skilled worker's certificate. In 2008, the average gross monthly training allowance was in the old countries for trainees for the profession professional driver / in € 646. In the first year were € 592, paid € 698 per month in the second year and € 647 in the third year of training. In the new Länder such compensation was accordingly € 524, € 563 or € 596.

Education Job § 3 BKV

Subject of vocational training are at least the placement of the following activities and knowledge:

The Swiss training ground transport expert

The training for road transport expert / professional woman takes in Switzerland for three years. By 2012, truck driver / appellant or chauffeur / Chauffeuse called.

Training and retraining opportunities

Gefahrgutfahrer ( GGVSEB / ADR), road master, foreman as Certified specializing in road transport, traffic and network managers specialist for warehousing, freight forwarding agent, for example, Booker, independence after a successful technical expertise and proficiency examination before the Chamber of Commerce.

History of professional driver training

The training of professional drivers is recognized by the state in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1973. Since then, the job title " professional drivers " is protected by law. Until then, the driver was a " laborer with a driving license". The high economic importance of commercial haulage on the road and the enormous growth of road transport should be supported by a better professional qualification of the statement drivers. The increasing mechanization and the organizational transformation of the logistics industry require extensive training of drivers.

First, from 1974 motorists long -serving issued by the commerce and industry chambers of a professional driver Facharbeiterbrief if they had successfully completed a relevant eight-month course. But was required in addition to the theoretical and practical vocational training, so that a first two-year dual training has been established. In addition to training in a company, the trainee is thereby trained in the vocational school. In -company training centers, such as trucking companies, the future skilled workers to all departments through: stock, planning, workshop, accounting, and local and long distance traffic. The acquisition of the license is carried out independently thereof by private driving schools.

The training guidelines were repeatedly adapted to the changed and increased work requirements over time. But two years of training in 2001 was extended to three years. Only by professional drivers finally obtained the status of a true skilled worker.

The many -year-long low professional qualifications of the driver has led to a poor image of the profession. The public image of the drivers also by the fact that the truck traffic is often perceived only as a disruptive factor that impedes traffic and pollutes the environment suffers. The media coverage highlights these negative aspects often produce one-sided. Such circumstances favor the self-understanding of many motorists as the sole fighters or their escape into the dream world of Trucker romance.

Due to the automatic workflows in professional practice with the modern electronic technology and digital telecommunications, the BKF is required to be very well-trained skilled workers.

The skilled worker's profession for the motorist has a long ancient history:

In summary, it was found that the quality requirements for the professional drivers were insignificant, because the driving test and the subsequent work execution of the driver everything is fulfilled. It therefore does not require any professional driver - skilled workers for these motorists activity. There will be no further requirement to accomplish this summary " Allerweltstätigkeit " can. The driver does not need training, because it operates only a subordinate activity is and can not exercise a long time to work. He also has a bad one, " negative image " and therefore are generally not fulfill the essential characteristics of a skilled work. This also results from the apprenticeship crashes that were stopped with 48 percent of all BKF training contracts starting in 1974.

An instructor for BKF knows exactly what it is situated in all these years. Employers in the transport sector have allowed the trainees in the first year as a warehouse worker and as a shunter in the forwarding operation to work, and once the license of category three ( age 17 ) was available, they were used in freight transport. Within the last academic year (18 years and driving license of Class II ), the trainees were unlawfully (alone) sent in a 40 - ton truck around the clock in long-distance freight traffic on the road.

• Beginning of 1996 - to the competent committee of the German Bundestag has bipartisan agreed (two abstentions) to adopt the 12 -point program for Transportation ( BT 13/3650 ). The point 1: the requirements for admission to the occupation of road haulage operator and to the training of drivers must be improved.
• January 2000 - given the many years of negotiations and the harmonization regarding the single qualification of BKF in the EU, the German social partners, professional associations and politicians have reached an agreement by they had finally agreed for a future of the motorist as a skilled worker with three years of vocational training.
• April 19, 2001 - the " Regulation on the professional training for professional drivers / vocational lorry driver as a professional driver training regulation - BKV " was (Federal Law Gazette I, p 642 ) was adopted.
• August 1, 2001 - Entry into force of the Professional Driver Training Regulation
• August 1, 2005 - The European " Directive 2003/59/EC " on 15 July 2003, the Member States of the European Union since the rules for the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers by road. Then to only those persons shall engage in any activity drivers of commercial goods or passengers who have an appropriate qualification and periodic training. Every five years is a repeat and refresher training be completed; this should apply to all active drivers.
• October 1, 2006 - Entry into force of the German Professional Driver Qualification Act ( BKrFQG ), by the European provisions were transposed into national law, including the modalities for developing the required basic qualification in jurisdiction of the industry and commerce. There were other private training providers such as TÜV and DEKRA approved for BKF training, but as the means among other things for retraining have been significantly reduced, there considerably less professional drivers to be retrained or trained.
• In 2007, 55.1 percent of employed social insurance motor vehicle driver completed a professional driver training, but was mostly just a short training for professional drivers.