Bus Rapid Transit

Originally from the English term Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT short, even Busway ) represents a number of public transport systems through infrastructure - as well as scheduled technical improvements try to achieve a higher quality standard than regular bus routes. The Bus Rapid Transit systems can have different approaches here, though many improvements by the majority of systems are used. The aim of the improvements is to approach the quality of rail transport systems, but this leverage the cost benefits of road-based transport mode bus. Above all, a higher profit creation as the rail traffic may result.

The term Busway is mainly used in America. In Europe express bus connections have been established for a long time ( 1950s ), in which a travel time advantage is achieved through the targeted skipping stops. A preemption against the increasingly public transport disabling individual transport is achieved through the establishment of bus lanes. Since the 1980s, a further acceleration by other measures such as traffic light priority control and Busschleusen is achieved in the context of computer -assisted operation control systems ( RBL). So-called " Metrobus " lines are primarily marketing the main bus lines without any special additional technology. Measures such as real-time Abfahrzeitangaben at the bus stops are preferably installed at high-demand stations along this lines, but also serve the other lines.

History

Pioneer of Buswaysysteme is the city Runcorn in England who created this modern approach to urban transport in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s. It was characterized by a high road on which the bus drove in in a shopping center, which could be thereby converted into a pedestrian zone.

The city of Curitiba (Brazil ) can claim to have implemented this concept as the first (1968 ) coverage in a big city, or was it there practically " reinvented " and continuously improved. The successes they have left the express buses and transport planning of Curitiba become a model system for other cities.

Bus Rapid Transit systems can now be found all over the world, especially consequent reactions were performed in Adelaide, Brisbane, Bogota, Ottawa, Jakarta and Istanbul.

Description of additional bus rapid transit systems

Bogota

Since November 2000, Bogota has a bus rapid transit system (see TransMilenio ). Today, this has a length of 84 km and comprises 114 stops. 1.4 million passengers are carried every day here. Per hour run here in peak times 57 buses.

Istanbul

In Istanbul, a bus rapid transit system has been set up with their own lanes in September 2007, which bears the name Metrobüs. In large parts of the route, the round results in a semicircle around the city proper, these lanes are in the middle of multi-lane motor roads and because of, for passengers of stairs and partially lifts without crossing achievable center platforms, operated there in the left-hand traffic.

The System 2012 has a length of 41.5 km and has 34 stations, but should continue to be extended. The transport company IETT is a total of 250 Mercedes -Benz CapaCity large capacity articulated buses, 50 VDL Phileas double articulated buses and some Mercedes -Benz Citaro articulated buses on the Metrobüs - system. Weekdays 600,000 passengers ride with these buses at peak times, there are 30,000 per hour per direction. During the day there on the most polluted stretch a clock frequency of 45-60 seconds during peak hours, the average distance between two buses 20-25 seconds. It then operate 80 buses per hour on these lines, which inevitably leads to Pulkbildungen. Due to the length of the stops several buses can be handled simultaneously. It so happens that even in platoons of four articulated buses the last bus is fully occupied.

Due to the relatively large distance between stops ( an average of just 1.28 km ) and rapid acceleration of the vehicles is the cruising speed at 40 km / h The speed limit was reduced from 80 km / h for safety reasons and to reduce the wear of the well-worn buses to 70 km / h. The mileage of the CapaCity buses, depending on the course at up to 800 km a day. The Phileas double articulated buses are used only during peak times when there are technical problems because of the constant overuse and overcrowding ( 220-300 passengers per bus) and the congestion at the existing long slopes on the track.

Nantes

In November 2006, a 7 km long Bus Rapid Transit system in Nantes was introduced under the name " Busway ". This includes 15 stops and transported 26,500 passengers daily.

Santiago de Chile

Santiago de Chile has a 60 km long Bus Rapid Transit system. It comprises a total 326 routes with 10,000 km line length.

Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit systems

These usually have:

• From the rest of traffic separated, separate bus lanes (these sections can also be designed as high streets or in the tunnel)
• Articulated buses with a large number of doors for faster boarding and alighting
• A tight timetable clock with vehicle every few minutes throughout the day
• Ticket sales outside the vehicle already at the bus stops
• Stops plants with even entrance into the buses ( low-floor vehicles or high -floor entrances )
• Traffic light priority control or appointment at traffic lights ( LSA preemption )
• Specially hedged against the individual traffic intersections and road junctions ( Busschleusen )
• Electronic cruise control facilities for a higher cruising comfort
• In the inner city 's bus lanes that lead as directly as possible through the shopping areas