Cadastral community

The term refers to the scope of a basic cadastral cadastre ( land register ). In this sense it is used both in Austria and partly still in the successor states of the monarchy (eg South Tyrol).

History of Cadastral

The word comes from land, which dates from the time of Emperor Francis I at the beginning of the 19th century, as a first consistent state survey was conducted with the Franziszeischer register.

The cadastral goes back to Joseph II. He planned a control and Urbarialregulierung in the charges on the basis of uniform according to the size and profitability of the whole farm as well as manorial estates should be measured. Joseph II gave to a new survey and listed all the reasons as well as the determination of their income in order that Josephinian land survey ( arranged April 20, 1785 ). Organizational basis of the new tax system were control communities. They were mainly drawn topographically within its borders and in the tax registers, the capable Josephinian book, registered. Francis I ordered then to develop a "general, uniform and stable property tax cadastre system " for the entire monarchy. The tax should depend in particular on the surface and constant ( "stable" ) remain, not to punish diligence. Since then, the control communities Katastralgemeinden hot, and with the imperial property tax patent of 23 December 1817, the recent survey was ordered.

This is the system of cadastral municipalities - in the space of the Habsburg Monarchy - several decades older than that of the local authorities ( political communities ) that were created after the 1848/49 revolution, as with abolition of the manorial system and the end of the feudal constitution also a redesign of the political administration and the courts, was carried out.

Scope

The term cadastral or the equivalent term in the local language is today mostly used in the successor states of such units from the border land.

In the following countries the term is also used today:

• In Austria: Cadastral (KG)
• In Italy (South Tyrol, Trentino, Trieste, Gorizia and 15 municipalities of the province of Udine, Gorizia under management were up to 1923 ): comune censuario or comune catastale
• In Slovenia: katastralna Občina
• In Croatia: katastarska Općina
• In Slovakia: katastrálne územia (literally cadastral )
• In the Czech Republic: katastrální území (literally cadastral )
• In the Netherlands: kadastrale gemeente

In Germany in the land register legal sense corresponds to the boundaries of the cadastral.

Austria

Cadastral and land registry

In Austria, the cadastral surveying is now governed by the law ( the Property Act ). There it is defined as follows:

" Cadastral those parts of the earth's surface, which are designated as such by name in the border land or land tax cadastre "

Katastralgemeinden correspond to the scope of the relevant local land registry for each cadastral a ledger is created. Thus, the Cadastral is the smallest subdivision of federal law (apart from choice parishes ). The spatial area (the components of land ) of the cadastral are only a property division: Land Registry body with land, type of use and usage sections ( plots).

The wording and spelling is regulated in § 7 and responsibility of the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, after consulting the community in consultation with the President of the Higher Regional Court.

The term cadastral there since the establishment of basic books in Austria in 1770 ( in Salzburg from 1805).

Relating to the political communities

Upon implementation of the cadastral a land register ( Ledger ) was applied for each former municipality. The house numbers were introduced in Austria at the same time. Gutsgebiete were often grouped together as a separate cadastral. Was originally, so in 1770, a community with a cadastral ident, today, a community made ​​by the various municipal reforms and amalgamations over the centuries from several local villages.

The boundaries of the cadastral and today's political communities are allowed to by law do not overlap, so that neither land nor can drop a cadastral district in the administrative jurisdiction of two municipalities.

Katastralgemeinden can also lie in different communities at field changes from time to time, as the structure of the cadastral made ​​by the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV ), but the place from communities by the respective state government each parliament, and the necessary administrative procedures independently. The redrawing of the boundaries or name of Cadastral is provided in § 7 of the Survey Act. Accordingly, the BEV can make these changes in consultation with the President of the Higher Regional Court, after hearing the community.

Cadastral and place ( company)

Not to be confused with the local villages are the villages or places, originally a cluster of houses that have been grouped by a common Konskriptionsnummerierung. Where these were replaced by orientation numbers and street names, the summary can also according to other aspects, such as spatial separation, done. The creation of a city - always as their habitat - can be a cadastral district, but it is not mandatory: In a cadastral several towns can be, or they include only Weiler / Rotten (up to 10 houses), wastes (up to 3 dwellings ), single houses, former estates and consist of uninhabited land parcels.

In some states Katastralgemeindegliederung and village structure to date are consistent across a wide range, in Lower Austria about the cadastral be given for the general spatial structure primarily, in other states the localities. In the Tyrol and Vorarlberg is called matching cadastral and towns mostly as a fraction.

Even in the event that there is a capital of a village or cadastral, it often happens that the names are spelled differently. While the original, as defined in the basic books spelling the cadastral was mostly preserved, the place names, for example, in place names with the word white as Weissenbach ( cadastral ) and Weissbach ( village ) were often adapted to new spelling rules. Even with Gebmanns in the cadastral Göbmanns in District Korneuburg or Schwaighof in the cadastral Schweighof in Hartberg - Fürstenfeld is before this adjustment. Conversely, this means about the KG of the community but Oetz Ötz. Also extensions of the community or of places ( differing additives) have the KG- names often not participate, so there are many more Katastralgemeinden same name in Austria as places.

On 1 January 2003, there were in Austria 7853 Katastralgemeinden, on January 1, 2004 or 7846 - 1 January 2008 there were 17,368 villages.

Surveying districts

Surveying districts often coincide with the scope of the district. It included several earlier judicial districts ( EvidenzG 1883) corresponds, today largely, but not exactly the Katastraloperaten the 41 survey offices or the 10 additional departments at the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying.

Katastralgemeindenummer

The 5-digit Katastralgemeindenummer ( KGNR ) uniquely identifies a cadastral district. It is assigned by the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV ).

It is divided into:

Access

The overview of the cadastral can always be won on any municipal office by accessing the land register.

It has been created in recent years, the digital cadastral map ( DKM ) and the land database (GDB ), which are accessible for a fee anyone. Also, now offer (free access through the portal geoland.at ) on both the view as the search query according to aspects of the registers some of the countries - GIS.

Czechia

Czech Republic knows the concept of cadastral from the days of the monarchy also still. They called Czech Katastrální území, and has exactly the same function as in Austria, that is a registered liens administrative divisions.