Camauro

The Camauro ( German also Kamauro ) is a frequently fur-lined red velvet cap. He was the official headgear of the Popes outside the liturgy, but was to the 19th century from the Middle Ages (around 12th century ) - in a slightly different style - by other dignitaries worn (such as the Doge of Venice).

Historical

Has developed the Camauro from a standard in Italy since the 12th century male headgear, a linnenen cap with long lappets, which ended in bands and could be tied under the chin. In this form it has been preserved in the clothing of the Doge of Venice until the end of the republic.

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)

Pope Julius II (1503-1513)

The papal Camauro was originally worn only with the Mozetta together. It gave him in two versions: in the summer of red cloth, white deposed, and in the winter (this is the 2005 version worn by Benedict XVI. ) Lined with white ermine fur. In Easter week (from Easter Sunday to " White Sunday ") of Camauro was traditionally pure white. Until 1464, the Cardinals wore a Camauro (without fur trim ). From the Camauro the Pileolus, who now no longer ears and temples, but only the (hypothetical) tonsure of higher cleric was covered.

The name possibly comes from Camauro Kamilavkion (Latin camelaucum ), the Byzantine imperial headgear senior civil servants, which is still worn by Orthodox monks and priests. Since the time of the Avignon popes of Camauro was commonly worn by the popes. With the bust of Urban VIII, Bernini Gianlorenzo the anfertigte 1632, it became customary to depict the Popes in Camauro and Mozetta. Had the popes can be in portraits of rulers so far as " priests of the world church " in the pluvial represent, so the accent shifted towards a just ruler - Camauro and Mozetta were the clothes in which the pope gave audiences and on this Audiences also spoke right. Deceased popes were usually laid out in Camauro.

With the Napoleonic period the Camauro went out of fashion and according to the term of office of Leo XIII. disuse. The Popes Pius XI. and Pius XII. however, were laid out after her death each with Camauro. After 60 years of wearing John XXIII. him for the first time. While Pope Paul VI. and his successors then banished the headgear for about 40 years from the papal wardrobe, Pope Benedict XVI showed. on 21 December 2005 during an audience in cold weather with Camauro.

The proximity in time for Christmas was in the press reporting associations with the also usually red and white painted in the colors Headwear Santa's American-style pay, while ecclesiastical circles, the decision indicated Pope Benedict re-establishing the Camauro as a sign of his attachment to tradition even in external appearance. Some believed by the appearance of the Christian reference of the commercialized Nicholas and Santa Claus figures should be stressed demonstrative.

The Pope himself commented on this incident in his second book of interviews with Peter Seewald follows:

"I've only ever worn it. I was simply frozen, and I am at the head sensitive. And I said, when we already have because the Camauro, then we put it on too. But it was really just an attempt to resist the cold. Since then I have not done it. This not pay superfluous interpretations. "