Capnodiales
( Cellare Zasmidium ) From a vaulted cellar hanging cloth
The Rußtaupilzartigen ( Capnodiales ) are an order of Ascomycota. They occur as dark, soot-like deposits on plants, often in conjunction with the sugary secretions of aphids.
Features
The hyphae of most Rußtaupilzartigen are heavily pigmented brown to black cover and leaf or stem surfaces in a web-like network or covering ( " sooty mold ").
The fungi form ascoloculare fruiting bodies in the form of brown or black pseudothecia. They can be spherical or pillow-like flat shield-shaped and contain but a Loculus with one or a few asci. The club-shaped asci contain eight ascospores, which are mostly multicellular and brown or colorless.
Way of life
Most European and many tropical species feed mainly on honeydew saprophytic leaf and scale insects or Blattexsudaten. They usually do not penetrate into the plants, which the plants are not parasitized. A heavy infestation with this species, however, can lead to a reduction in photosynthesis. The well-known cellar cloth ( Zasmidium cellare ) feeds on volatile constituents of wine in wine cellars such as alcohol, acetic acid and esters and grows them accordingly on the walls.
A number of other species living parasitically in plant tissues by forming haustoria in the leaf epidermis of plants. These include, for example, the Ascochyta species in various grasses including cereals, making them appear as economic pests. The South American fungus Microcyclus ulei lives parasitically in rubber plants, where it leads to South American leaf fall disease; it is in many parts of Brazil, the main reason that no rubber plantations can be created.
System
The Capnodiales include after Lumbsch and chicken village following families with the genera ( unsafe assignment with question mark):
- Antennulariellaceae Achaetobotrys
- Antennulariella
- Aithaloderma?
- Anopeltis?
- Callebaea?
- Capnodaria
- Capnodium
- Capnophaeum?
- Ceramoclasteropsis?
- Echinothecium?
- Hyaloscolecostroma?
- Phragmocapnias
- Polychaeton?
- Scoriadopsis?
- Scorias
- Coccodinium
- Dennisiella
- Limacinula
- Davidiella
- Metacapnodium
- Achorodothis
- Cymadothea Cymadothea trifolii
- Piedraia