Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer

Carl Friedrich von Kiel Meyer ( born October 22, 1765 in Bebenhausen, † September 24, 1844 in Stuttgart) was a German physician, naturalist, chemist and theoretical biologist.

Life and work

Kiel Meyer studied since 1773 at Charles School at Solitude in Gerlingen ( Württemberg), which was moved to Stuttgart in 1775 and was raised in December 1781 to Charles High School. He completed his studies here in 1786 with a dissertation on mineral waters from, Above the chemical content of some mineral springs. Already in 1785, so even during his PhD, Kiel Meyer worked at the High School Karl as a science teacher. He extended his studies at the Georg- August-Universität Göttingen. He found there Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg and Johann Friedrich Gmelin the appropriate promotion of his studies. In 1790 he was at the High School teacher Charles of Zoology and co- curator of the natural history collections of the school.

Kiel Meyer was from 1792 Professor of Chemistry in Stuttgart. Following the closure of Karlsschule Kiel Meyer was appointed in 1796 as professor of chemistry and botany at the University of Tübingen, but returned in 1816 as director of the royal scientific collections ( Royal Library, Botanical Garden, antiquities coin and natural history collections ) to Stuttgart back. Since 1817 he also worked as a State Council in Stuttgart.

In 1808, he was raised by awarding the Knight's Cross of the Württemberg Civil Merit in the personal nobility. The Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, he received 1818 1830 he received the Kommenturkreuz of the Order of the Württemberg Crown and in 1840 the Knight's Cross of the Order of Friedrich. In 1818 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina.

In Tübingen, Stuttgart and other cities streets bear his name.

Scientific Importance

Kiel Meyer was a representative of vitalism.

While working as a teacher at the high school closed Kiel Karl Meyer friendship with Georges Cuvier, who had studied from 1784 to 1788 at the High School Karl. With Cuvier Kiel Meyer stood in alternating intense correspondence until his death. This personal relationship also means that the Stuttgart collection Cuvier gave to multiple material and before looting later preserved by the generals of Napoleon leads.

Kiel Meyer expressed as earlier evolutionary theorists long before Charles Darwin 's own thoughts on the evolution of living beings. Great influence had the printed version of his speech on the birthday of Duke Karl Eugen 1793. Kiel Meyer said the hypothesis of evolution of species and the development of lower to higher forms, especially in his lecture significantly, but does not itself published. However, in professional circles circulated lecture notes from 1807 and 1814 /15 campaign. A going to his lecture on General Zoology came into being until 1840 (ed. by GW Münter ). In it, among others, the following statements find the theory of evolution: "It seems, therefore, that the series of individual organic species had emerged on our planet apart and that the different types of organisms in a real form and are Compositionsbeziehung each other, precisely because of their development of each other. The similarities between species and their diversity appears in the original, to be as it were founded by a common father. " The importance of evolutionary hypothesis for the biological system was already recognized by Meyer Kiel: " while the systematic classification of inorganic bodies are far more artificial, the organic of course, since it is based on developing relationship itself."

An important pupil of Kiel Meyer was the later Bonner Anatomy Professor August Franz Joseph Karl Mayer.

Works

  • Disquisitio chemica acidularum bergensium et goeppingensium: Commentatio doctoralis Caroli Friderici Kiel Meyer a 1786 latine scripta eiusque translatio theodisca a Nicolao Gross Confecta (new edition 2006 Leo Latinus in White Horn, ISBN 3-938905-20-4 )
  • About the conditions of the organic forces with one another in the series of different organizations, Stuttgart 1793 (new edition 1993, Basilisk Press in Marburg an der Lahn, ISBN 3-925347-25-9 )

Secondary literature

  • Karl August Klüpfel: Kiel Meyer, Karl Friedrich. In: General German Biography (ADB ). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 721-723.
  • Gaston Mayer: Kiel Meyer, Karl Friedrich v. In. New German Biography ( NDB ). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3, p 581 ( digitized ).
  • William Coleman: Limits of the Recapitulation Theory: Carl Friedrich Kiel Meyer's Critique of the Presumed Parallelism of Earth History, Ontogeny, and the Present Order of Organisms in Isis, Vol 64, No. 3 (Sep., 1973), pp. 341-350
  • Kai Torsten Kanz: Kiel Meyer- Bibliography: list of literature by and about the natural scientist Carl Friedrich Kiel Meyer, ET for the History of Natural Sciences. and technology Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-928186-06- X
  • Kai Torsten Kanz: Philosophy of the organic in the Age of Goethe: studies on work and impact of the natural scientist Carl Friedrich Kiel Meyer, Steiner Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-515-06550-4
  • I. Schumacher: Karl Friedrich Kiel Meyer, a pioneer of new ideas. The influence of his method of comparing the biology of time. in Medizinhist J. 1979, 14 (1-2) :81 - 99th
  • Thomas Bach: biology and philosophy at Kiel CF Meyer and FWJ Schelling, Frommann - Holzboog Stuttgart -Bad Cannstatt 2001, ISBN 3-7728-2034-4
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