Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta
Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta ( born November 6, 1766 San Giorgio Canavese (Piedmont, Italy ); † August 10, 1837 in Paris) was a French historian and politician of Italian origin.
Life
Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta graduated in medicine from the University of Turin in 1786 at the age of about 20 years. He advocated zealously the maxims of the French Revolution and was imprisoned in May 1794 as alleged conspirators more than a year. After his release in September 1795 he went to France and in 1796 a field doctor at the local Alps army. As a military doctor, he made the campaign of what he initially very revered Napoleon Bonaparte against Italy and in 1797 the expedition to Corfu, from which he returned in 1798 to Italy. In December 1798 he was appointed by Barthelemy -Catherine Joubert as a member of the provisional Piedmontese Italian-French government. However, in April 1799 Piedmont came briefly to France.
When in June 1799 invaded an Austro - Russian army in Italy and the French troops drove, Botta fled back to France and worked as a military doctor in Grenoble. On 9 June 1800, he married Antoinette Vierville and should get with her three sons. After the victorious Napoleon Battle of Marengo (14 June 1800) was a member of the Consulta Botta and then from October 1800 to April 1801 Member of the Piedmont Executive Committee. This country was united in September 1802 and France. Botta then lived in Paris and was since 1804 and in a second term since 1809 Member of the department Doire in the French Legislative Assembly, to which he was elected Vice President in 1808. However, he criticized the leadership style of Napoleon as despotic, therefore retired to his resentment and voted in 1814 for Napoleon's deposition. Well ended his political career. For fear of persecution in his home he took on 25 February 1815 during the French citizenship.
During the hundred days of Napoleon's return to power in 1815 Botta was Rector of the University of Nancy. Under the Bourbon monarch Louis XVIII. he practiced since 1817 from the office of Rector of the University of Rouen, but was dismissed in 1822 due to clerical influence. After he retired into private life. After his patron Charles Albert became King of Sardinia in 1831, he received from this an annual pension of 4,000 lire, and the permission to use his native Piedmont again, where he was in September / October 1832. He then returned to Paris and died there in 1837 at the age of 70 years. His remains were transferred in 1875 in the church of Santa Croce in Florence.
Botta wrote several rather uncritical historical works, including in 1809 a very well-received in the United States presentation of the American Revolution, and in 1824 a work on the history of Italy from 1789 to 1814. This he did in 1832 an epoch 1534-1789 covering history of Italy follow, which in turn continued Francesco Guicciardini 1490-1534 reaching book on the same subject. The last three works were together as Storia d' Italia dal 1490 al 1814 ( Paris 1832, 20 volumes) published. In 1824 he became a member of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence.
Paul -Émile Botta, a son of Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo Botta, was an eminent archaeologist who uncovered among other things, during excavations 1843/44 in a Neo-Assyrian Khorsabad palace.
Works
- Storia Naturale e medica dell'isola di Corfù ( Milan 1798)
- Souvenirs d' un voyage en Dalmatia (Turin 1802)
- Précis historique de la Maison de Savoie et du Piedmont (Paris 1802)
- Storia della guerra degli Stati Uniti d' indipendenza d' America ( Paris 1809, 4 volumes, English edition History of the War of the Independence of the United States of America, Philadelphia 1820 to 1821 )
- Il Camillo o Veio conquistato (Paris 1815), epic in 12 cantos
- Storia d' Italia dal 1789 al 1814 ( Paris 1824, 4 volumes; German edition of Ranger, Quedlinburg 1827-1831, 8 volumes)
- Histoire des peuples d' Italie ( Paris, 1825, 3 volumes)
- Storia d' Italia continuata da quella del Guicciardini dal 1534 sino al 1789 (Paris 1832, 10 volumes)