Caroline Chisholm
Caroline Chisholm (born 30 May 1808 In Northampton Wootton, England; † March 25, 1877 in London Highgate ) was a British philanthropist and social reformer, who was known for her work in Australia.
Life
Caroline Jones was the youngest daughter of the wealthy family of the landowner and pig farmer William Jones. She married at age 22 to 13 years older Captain Archibald Chisholm of the East India Company. He was a Catholic, which is why she converted to his faith. The wedding took place according to the Anglican ritual.
Captain Chisholm was first, in 1832, stationed in India. Caroline moved to Madras in 1833 also, where they in 1834 a school for the wives and daughters of British soldiers founded that were previously forced to live in poverty or prostitution. The women's school taught reading, writing, cooking, housekeeping, child care, and religion.
Arrival in Australia
In 1838 the family decided to take a vacation in Australia. The British- Indian Government was handed over the school in Madras, and the Chisholm moved to Sydney. Caroline Chisholm settled with their three children in Windsor, New South Wales; her husband went back to his post back in 1840, while Caroline decided to Australia.
In Sydney Harbour, she noticed the misery among the unemployed immigrants and released prisoners. First they brought young women in their mansion, and gave them further, then Chisholm founded in 1841 with the approval of the Governor the first girl home in the city. For more homes, schools and obstetrics stations followed. 1842 could close the main rescue center in Sydney again, because their efforts were successful and the castaways had been fully integrated. Further plans for a land leasing program to immigrant families initially failed several times to opposition and influence resident landowners.
Work at a private colonization program
1845 Archibald Chisholm acknowledged the service and returned to Australia. Caroline Chisholm, meanwhile, had undertaken extensive tours of New South Wales, while arguments for the propagated by their colonization program collected, which relied less than the existing to the landowner. 1846, the couple returned back to London where Caroline Chisholm told the House of Lords. The emigration of whole families was not supported by the legislature; but her suggestion that the families of exiled prisoners are expected to follow these was adopted.
Caroline Chisholm, whose nature has been described as relentless, now worked doggedly and with radical zeal to overcome the Bank is not accepted structures. Thanks to wealthy private supporters like Wyndham Harding ( social reformer, 1817-1855 ) or Charles Dickens as she could, 1849, the Family Colonization Loan Society ( about Credit Society for Family colonization ) reasons. This provided loans to Auswanderugswillige which should therefore finance the trip to Australia and the settlement there. Gold discoveries in Australia aroused the interest. Archibald Chisholm was 1851 acted as an agent of the company in Australia, while Caroline campaigned in the UK, Germany, France and Italy for the project. She also visited Pope Pius IX. At her instigation the passenger Act ( for better crossing conditions ) was decided in 1852.
End of life
1854 she returned to Australia and continue to function normally advertise their privately organized social reforms started to take effect. 1866 returned the Chisholm returned to England, where they received a small pension. Caroline died in 1877; her husband Archibald died a year later.
Honors
After Chisholm numerous educational institutions in England and Australia are named, also a suburb of Canberra. Australian postage stamps and banknotes showed a portrait Chisholm. Dickens is said to have inspired his fictional character of Mrs. Jellyby in his novel Bleak House to Chisholm.
The first biography of Chisholm appeared as early as 1857 in Melbourne; more followed until 1814.
At Caroline Chisholm of the Anglican Church is remembered in the calendar of saints. There are efforts to canonize them in the Catholic Church.