Chamaedorea
Chamaedorea seifrizii
The mountain palm ( Chamaedorea ) are a native in South America Palm genus. There are rather small, often clump forming dioecious palms.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
The palm trees are small, rarely medium-sized, erect or decumbent, rarely climbing. A strain may be formed or hidden underground. They are single-stemmed or clump -forming, unarmoured and dioecious. The trunk is usually slender, wholly or partially occupied by the fibrous leaf bases or with smooth green, conspicuously ringed leaf scars.
The leaves are two-piece ( bifid ) or pinnate diverse. Rarely they are undivided. The leaf sheath is closed or ruptures, it is short or long and sometimes has a drying up cloth against the petiole. The petiole is short to long, flattened at the top, rounded at the bottom and has sometimes here a striking bright green or yellow stripes. The leaf blade is undivided, two-piece and then ripped fiederig, or regularly or irregularly pinnately lobed. There are then a few to numerous leaflets that are folded one or more times. They are narrow to wide. Its surface is bare.
Inflorescences
The inflorescences are between or among the leaves. Per leaf axil arise one or more inflorescences. They are straight-chain or branched mono-to disubstituted rarely, sometimes bifurcated. The male inflorescences are often more highly branched than the female. The peduncle is short to long. The cover page is Roehrig with a two-piece top. There are two to several bracts on the inflorescence stalk. These are lengthened, Roehrig and envelop the peduncle a scheidig. They are leathery or membranous, persistent, with a short tip. The flower-bearing side branches ( Rachillae ) are short to long, slim or meaty, sometimes furrowed and contribute to maturity no bracts. On them are closely or far from each other in a spiral arrangement either male or female flowers.
Flowers
The flowers are sessile or partly sunk into a pit of fleshy Rachilla. They are small to very small.
The male flowers are symmetrical. The three sepals are entire, and can be grown together in the lowest range. The three petals are free or fused to varying degrees with each other. The Corolla lobe are valvat. The six stamens have short stamens and are wide or commended shaped. The filament is at the back of the anther ( dorsifix ). The stamp rudiment broadened cylindrical or down, and sometimes three-lobed. The pollen is ellipsoidal, sometimes slightly triangular, bisymmetrical or slightly asymmetrical. The germ is opening a distal sulcus. The longest axis measures 20 to 35 microns.
In the female flowers of the chalice resembles that of the male flowers. The petals are usually grown, the lobes are valvat or imbricat ( imbricate overlapping). The staminodes are, if any, tooth shaped. The gynoecium is egg-shaped, consisting of three fused ( syncarp ) carpels that form three fruit boxes. The scars are small and bent back. The ovules are campylotrop and set to the side.
Fruits
The fruits are small and spherical to elongated. The scars radicals basal. The exocarp is smooth, the mesocarp fleshy and endocarp thin. The seed stands upright, is spherical or ellipsoidal. The scar ( hilum ) is small. The endosperm is cartilaginous. The fruits of most species contain calcium oxalate crystals.
Dissemination and locations
The representatives come from Mexico south to Brazil and Bolivia before. All species are representative of the undergrowth of humid, wet forests in the lowlands or - the majority of the species - in the mountains. Some species occur on limestone before.
System
The genus Chamaedorea is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae, Tribe Chamaedoreeae within the family Arecaceae. The genus is monophyletic. She is the sister group of Gaussia.
The genus includes about 110 species. A complete list of the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Chamaedorea adscendens
- Chamaedorea allenii
- Chamaedorea alternans
- Chamaedorea amabilis
- Chamaedorea anemophila
- Chamaedorea angustisecta
- Chamaedorea arenbergiana
- Chamaedorea atrovirens
- Chamaedorea benziei
- Chamaedorea binderi
- Chamaedorea brachyclada
- Chamaedorea brachypoda
- Chamaedorea carchensis
- Chamaedorea castillo - Montii
- Chamaedorea cataractarum
- Chamaedorea christinae
- Chamaedorea correae
- Chamaedorea costaricana
- Chamaedorea crucensis
- Chamaedorea dammeriana
- Chamaedorea deckeriana
- Chamaedorea deneversiana
- Chamaedorea elatior
- Chamaedorea elegans
- Chamaedorea ernesti - augusti
- Chamaedorea falcifera
- Chamaedorea foveata
- Chamaedorea fractiflexa
- Chamaedorea fragrans
- Chamaedorea frondosa
- Chamaedorea geonomiformis
- Chamaedorea glaucifolia
- Chamaedorea graminifolia
- Chamaedorea guntheriana
- Chamaedorea hodelii
- Chamaedorea hooperiana
- Chamaedorea ibarrae
- Chamaedorea incrustata
- Chamaedorea keelerorum
- Chamaedorea klotzschiana
- Chamaedorea latisecta
- Chamaedorea lehmannii
- Chamaedorea liebmannii
- Chamaedorea linearis
- Chamaedorea lucidifrons
- Chamaedorea macrospadix
- Chamaedorea matae
- Chamaedorea metallica
- Chamaedorea microphylla
- Chamaedorea microspadix
- Chamaedorea moliniana
- Chamaedorea murriensis
- Chamaedorea nationsiana
- Chamaedorea neurochlamys
- Chamaedorea Nubium
- Chamaedorea oblongata
- Chamaedorea oreophila
- Chamaedorea pachecoana
- Chamaedorea palmeriana
- Chamaedorea parvifolia
- Chamaedorea parvisecta
- Chamaedorea pauciflora
- Chamaedorea pedunculata
- Chamaedorea pinnatifrons
- Chamaedorea piscifolia
- Chamaedorea pittieri
- Chamaedorea plumosa
- Chamaedorea pochutlensis
- Chamaedorea ponderosa
- Chamaedorea pumila
- Chamaedorea pygmaea
- Chamaedorea queroana
- Chamaedorea radicalis
- Chamaedorea recurvata
- Chamaedorea rhizomatosa
- Chamaedorea ricardoi
- Chamaedorea rigida
- Chamaedorea robertii
- Chamaedorea rojasiana
- Chamaedorea rosibeliae
- Chamaedorea rossteniorum
- Chamaedorea sartorii
- Chamaedorea scheryi
- Chamaedorea schiedeana
- Chamaedorea schippii
- Chamaedorea seifrizii
- Chamaedorea selvae
- Chamaedorea serpens
- Chamaedorea simplex
- Chamaedorea skutchii
- Chamaedorea smithii
- Chamaedorea stenocarpa
- Chamaedorea stolonifera
- Chamaedorea stricta
- Chamaedorea subjectifolia
- Chamaedorea tenerrima
- Chamaedorea tepejilote
- Chamaedorea tuerckheimii
- Chamaedorea undulatifolia
- Chamaedorea verapazensis
- Chamaedorea verecunda
- Chamaedorea volcanensis
- Chamaedorea vulgata
- Chamaedorea warscewiczii
- Chamaedorea whitelockiana
- Chamaedorea woodsoniana
- Chamaedorea zamorae
The genus was divided by DR Hodel in 1992 in eight subgenera. The two most species-rich subgenera are polyphyletic, however, the rest are not monophyletic.
The name derives from the Chamaedorea ancient Greek words for dwarf and a gift from, and is next to the smallness possibly due to the elegant growth habit of many species.
Use
The inflorescences of some species such as Chamaedorea tepejilote be used as a vegetable. The leaves are used for thatching, and also in the cut flower trade. Some species are considered as potted plants and produced in large quantities. Chamaedorea elegans is probably the most commonly used indoor palm.
The fronds of C. elegans, C. oblongata and especially C. ernesti - augustii see the name " xate " in the floral industry as a leaf green strong use because they stay fresh up to 45 days after harvest. It is estimated that there are around 400 million stems, which are exported annually from Guatelama and Belize mainly to North America and Europe. To this day (January 2012), there is little xate plantations, so that wild harvesting of the stem means an increasing burden on the standing partly protected rainforests.
Documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 377-381.