Chen Yun

Chen Yun (Chinese陈云/陈云, originally Liao Chenyun廖陈云/廖陈云, * June 13, 1905 in Qingpu near Shanghai, Chinese Empire; † 4 October 1995) was an important economic policy of the People's Republic of China, and practiced especially in the 1950s years and the late 1970s, a strong influence. Chen Yun was part of the "first generation Chinese leadership " during the reform era from 1978. Especially during the 1980s played a major role in Chen Yun power struggle over the direction of the reform policy.

Chen Yun worked as a typesetter. At the age of 16, he became a trade union official, 1925, he joined the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP). He then became part of the leading organizers of the labor movement in Shanghai.

1931 Chen Yun entered the liberated from the Guomindang rule Jiangxi Soviet in appearance. In 1934 he was elected to the Central Committee of the CCP, where he served until 1987. In 1937, he went after a stay in Moscow to Yan'an, where the Chinese Communists had established their center after the Long March. Here he began to engage in economic issues. In 1940 he became chairman of the Economic Council of Shaanxi - Gansu - Ningxia. On the Seventh National Congress of the CCP in June 1945, he rose to the Politburo. After defeating the Japanese army Chen Yun was sent to Manchuria, where he led the financial and economic management. There, the material basis for the final victory of the People's Liberation Army was placed over the Guomindang troops.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949 Chen Yun took over the management of the Finance and Economic Council of the Government and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister. In 1956 he was elected the delegates to the Eighth Congress in the highest governing body of the Party, the Standing Committee of the Politburo. When the leadership of Mao Zedong in 1958 put the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to a combination of agricultural collectivization with industrialization in motion, Chen Yun was one of the few top officials, had misgivings about a gargantuan effort expressed that actually resulted in a disaster. 1961 Chen led the reorganization of the Chinese economy.

In 1966 started the Cultural Revolution, Chen Yun was criticized as Right. In 1969 he lost his seat in the Politburo, but remained a member of the Central Committee. Obtained only after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 Chen, although over 70 years old, again influence. In 1978 he was again a member of the Politburo and the Standing Committee. The reformist wing of the party to Deng Xiaoping was based on Chen's expertise in economic issues. Chen Yun was then the real architect of the reform program of Deng.

From about 1982, however, there were conflicts between Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun. In the late 1970s, the cohesion of Deng's Party faction was primarily based on the contrast with the tightly holding on a spätmaoistischen style of politics and culture of revolutionary rhetoric wing to the then party chairman Hua Guofeng. After its completion in 1981 disempowerment stood out disagreements about the nature and scope of the reforms envisaged within the Deng camp. At this time, Chen Yun was considered as the most influential spokesman for the Conservatives, who wanted to limit the reforms. In fact, he warned his bird cage theory before uncontrollable developments: If, as argued Chen Yun, wanted to enjoy a bird, you must keep him in the cage so he does not fly away - just as one must, in order to reap the benefits of a market economy to keep this strictly under government control.

While Deng looked at the development of the economy as the sole criterion of policy, Chen emphasized the necessity of their connection with the development of " socialist spiritual civilization". He turned against Westernization and spiritual pollution. However, he showed up in some situations against democratic demands far more understanding and dialogue ready when Deng itself Some facts speak against the widespread stereotyping Chen's hardline: In 1979, he spoke out against the imprisonment of dissident Wei Jingsheng, and in 1989 he put the military use the Tiananmen Square Massacre in Beijing in question.

1987 Chen Yun pulled back from active politics. Until his death he was still a person of respect of high authority.

In June 2005, the CPC Central Committee paid tribute to Chen Yun occasion of his 100th birthday.

Publications

• Speech at the XII. Congress of the Communist Party of China. ( in: .. , the XII Congress of the Communist Party of China documents Verlag Foreign Languages ​​Press, Beijing, 1982. ).

• Politician ( People's Republic of China)
• CCP member
• Chinese
• Born 1905
• Died in 1995
• Man