Clavulina cristata
The comb-shaped lobe mushroom ( Clavulina coralloides )
The comb -shaped lobe mushroom ( Clavulina coralloides, syn. Clavulina cristata, Ramaria cristata ) is a species of fungus in the family of club fungus relatives ( Clavulinaceae ). He is often referred to as a comb -shaped coral comb-shaped coral fungus or comb coral. The tips of the coral-like branched, whitish fruit bodies are split like a comb. The fruiting bodies appear from August to November in the deciduous and coniferous forest. The fungus is considered to be unpalatable to conditionally edible.
- 5.1 Subspecies and varieties
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The coral-like branched 2-6 cm, rarely to 8 cm high and about as wide fruiting bodies are in the youth pure white or creamy white and later often slightly greyish. There are also instances that have a flesh-colored shimmer. The upper ends of the twigs are typically split comb-like or repeatedly dissolved in little bits and teeth. The whitish flesh is soft and fragile. Also on pressure towards it not discolored. It just smells weak and tastes mild or slightly bitter. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic characteristics
The nearly spherical to elliptical spores are 7-9 microns long and 6-8 microns wide and usually contain a large oil drops. They are smooth, translucent ( hyaline ), thin-walled and both inamyloid and acyanophil, that is, they can be neither Jodreagenzien still with cotton blue stain. The cylindrical to narrowly clavate basidia are zweisporig. The spores sitting on strong inwardly curved sterigmata. Buckles are available, albeit few, while Zystiden missing.
Artabgrenzung
The Grey lobe mushroom ( Clavulina cinerea) may look very similar and can be distinguished microscopically hardly. Therefore, the species is considered by some authors only as a variety or mere form. Many fruiting bodies can indeed differ in appearance from her well, but there are always intermediate forms, which can not be assigned clearly to one of the two species. Normally, the fruiting bodies of the fungus comb -shaped lobe are at least whitish young to almost white and later pale gray, gray yellow or cream - to flesh- colored colors. In addition, branch tips are split more or less wide and comb-shaped and pressed the branches smooth.
The fruiting bodies of the fungus horror leg look brighter and have much gray colored branches, which may be divided, but are spread apart but less like a comb. The Wrinkled club fungus ( Clavulina rugosa ) is more reminiscent of a club fungus, as it consists of solitary and only in the upper part indicated branched fruiting bodies. As their name suggests, the fruiting bodies are much wrinkled.
Ecology
The comb -shaped coral fungus lives as a saprophyte on deciduous and coniferous trees, mainly on spruce followed by beech trees. Less frequently it is found in fir, oak, hornbeam or pines. The fungus usually grows on the ground or in the leaf or needle litter of beech and beech - fir forests. Sometimes you can find him on stumps or severely decayed branches. Also in hornbeam - oak and not acidophilous fir - spruce forests, as well as in spruce forests it can grow. Sometimes it is also eaten along forest paths or forest edges. The fungus likes fresh, moderately nutrient- saturated soils and is common on clayey - calcareous as well as on acidic soils.
The fruiting bodies appear from August to early November, after extensive early summer rain can already be found from July. The maximum is in September and October.
Older specimens are occasionally infected with the ascomycete Helminthosphaeria clavariarum or its imperfect form Spadicioides clavariarum. The fruiting bodies of the fungus lobe discolor it gray to black. Under the microscope you can see tiny black points, these are the Peritheciden of Pyrenomycetes.
Dissemination
The comb -shaped lobe fungus is distributed almost worldwide. He was in Australia and New Zealand, North and Central America ( Costa Rica, Mexico, USA, northeastward to the southern tip of Greenland ), South America (Chile ), Asia (Iran, Pakistan, India, Asia Minor, Central Asia, Japan, Korea, China) and North Africa (Morocco ) and detected on the Canary Islands. In Europe it is common to boreal meridional. It has been demonstrated in the south of Portugal and Spain in the southwest to Greece in the southeast. It is found in France, the Benelux countries and the UK and Ireland and is just as common in Central Europe. In Northern Europe the fungus in Estonia, quite Fennoscandia and Iceland and the Faroe islands occurs. Any dissemination in Eastern Europe are just insufficient data, the fungus was detected in Belarus and Ukraine, but is expected to occur in Russia.
In Germany and Austria, the fungus is widespread and fairly common to almost all common.
System
The comb -shaped lobe fungus was described coralloides 1753 by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum first valid as Clavaria. 1889 presented Carl Joseph Schröter the taxon in the genus Clavulina, so it got its name valid today. In many mycological works the name Clavulina cristata is used even today. The name comes from the Danish mycologist Theodor Holmskjold, who described the fungus 1790 as Ramaria cristata before the taxon in 1889 also provided by Schröter in the genus Clavulina because it still as two different species looked Clavaria coralloides and Ramaria cristata. Today, most mycologists hold the two taxa to be synonymous, so according to the rules of the International code of botanical nomenclature, the older name has thus Clavulina coralloides priority.
Subspecies and varieties
The comb -shaped lobe fungus occurs in several shape and color variations, so it informed the Clavariaceen researchers EJH Corner into several sub- species and varieties. The most important varieties are the var incarnata with flesh-colored fruiting bodies, the var subcinerea with young pale gray, but later blackish gray trunk and branches and the var bicolor with two colored fruiting bodies, with the twigs white and the stems are yellowish. There is also a var subrugota with short, blunt, simple or only once split twig.
Importance
The fungus is indeed considered by many authors as edible, the tough, bland and sometimes slightly bitter-tasting meat makes the fungus but an inferior edible mushroom, so that not a few authors consider it to be inedible.