Climbing protection

When climbing assurance is the term for alpine climbing, rock climbing and mountaineering, as well as in industrial climbing ( commercial climbing work at height, Maststeigerei, roofing, rock fixation, etc.) and devices, measures and methods by which a crash is to prevent the tree climbing.

Methods

A basic distinction is between:

• Self-protection ( self- assurance), with the help of Fixsicherungen ( Already firmly on the ground or a plant fuses installed )
• Comrades fuse ( fuse partners )

Comrades backup

This refers to when climbing the backup of one or more (cable ) partner. The most important security device is the mountain or climbing rope by which the climber is caught in a fall. The rope runs through fixed points in or on the wall; the connection to the climber is done by a harness. This can be a hip belt (possibly in conjunction with a chest strap) or a full body.

The most common form of backup is the backup partner, in which two climbers form a rope team. The actual climbers attached a rope end with a Anseilknoten at his belt; fuse partner secures over the other end of the rope from a safe position with self- assurance. It regulates the length of the rope, holding the climber during a fall. In order to keep the climber during a fall, the rope runs through a belay device, which captures the impact force and decreases as well as increases the braking force of the hand of the belayer. This can be done with a screw- in connection to a backup node as the HMS, a figure of eight or a tube that generate friction on the rope, or a special security device such as a Grigri, Reverso, Tre or Sirius, which clamp the rope. The tasks as Safe and climbers are taken by members of the roped by appointment.

Is the backup device attached to the harness of the belayer, one speaks of a body fuse; at a fixing point securing the securing device is connected to the wall. The belayer should always pay attention to self-protection on a further fixed point. At body securing the belayer to self-protection ( the state ) must ensure the safe and permanent place.

Depending on the procedure distinguishes different types of backup:

• Ascent: Vorstiegssicherung, belaying, top-rope backup.
• Descent: Various security measures for the controlled descent, during the retreat (abort the climb ), abseiling or draining,
• Recovery: Backup with all forms of salvage, of the assistance for weakened comrades to foreign salvage from emergencies.

Vorstiegssicherung

• The vorsteigende Climber: The vorsteigende climber is included at the end of a rope and the rope leads to the down runs by him to be backed climbers. At regular intervals, the possible lead climber belays uses at fixed points or sets itself which ( with clamping wedges, Friends, loops, etc.) in order to reduce the potential fall height.
• Fuse partner: The safety partner is on safe ground at the entrance of climbing route (or is fixed at multi-pitch routes in a stand ( see self- assurance) Usually a form of backup device such as descender, carabiner or tube is used frequently (for multi -pitch routes HMS) With the increasing rise. . the climber is output more and more rope.

Belaying

Belaying means that the cable is already hooked on the top hooks ( the so-called top-rope ), it secures the climber by successive oral of the rope.

• Climber: The climber itself is secured by the mounted already over him rope completely by his partner.
• Fuse partner: The safety partner is on safe ground at the entrance of climbing route, or is secured to the stand itself. Normally a backup device or a screw- HMS is used. With the increasing progress of the climber more and more rope is taken.

Self- assurance

Even backups are especially at stand of meaning and can, for example, done with the help of the mast throw.

In addition, devices can be installed to secure fix in the field. In this case, the climber is not permanently connected to the fixed rope, but moves along it. This principle is used especially when backing up to the ropes of the ferrata.

Self- assurance is also possible in the top-rope climbing. This is possible by means of a rope device as the " shunt" of Petzl, which is according to instruction also provided for. It is important that the cable is already installed - as 'leading' no self- assurance is possible - and that the rope is always taut, so no fishing impacts occur. When mountain climbing, this is known as Fixseiltechnik. To climb alone is because of the ever-present risk of accidents but not advisable.

Standards

The climbing equipment used when backing must meet certain safety standards. Worldwide, there are two important standards:

• UIAA ( International Climbers Association )
• CEN (European Committee for Standardization )

In Europe, climbing equipment must meet the requirements of CEN in accordance with the Personal and Protective Equipment (PPE ) Directive correspond.