Clupeidae
Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus )
The herrings ( Clupeidae ) are a family of genuine bony fish ( Teleostei ) that is found in all the oceans between 70 ° Northern latitude and 60 ° Southern latitude, but especially in the tropics almost worldwide. Approximately 57 species, such as the local shad ( Alosa alosa ) or the Lake Tanganyika sardine ( Limnothrissa miodon ), live in fresh water. In particular, the species of the Caspian Sea are anadromous migratory fish and move between fresh and brackish water. The best-known species are the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus ), which is eponymous for the family, as well as the sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ).
Features
The different kinds of herring are three to 76 inches long, most remain below 25 centimeters. Your body is generally spindle-shaped and elongated, sometimes high backs and sides somewhat flattened. The mouth is usually terminal, also slightly upper constant in some species, under constantly in the subfamily Dorosomatinae. Teeth are small or absent. The body is usually scaly, the subfamily Dussumieriinae lack the body scales with the exception of a single basin scale. Most species have two long, stabfömige Postcleithraknochen ( bones of the shoulder girdle ). The number of vertebrae is normally from 37 to 59, usually to 50 for one of the scales in a longitudinal row at 40 to five to ten Branchiostegalstrahlen.
Way of life
Herring are mostly obligate plankton -eating fish swarm that react disoriented and panicked without contact with the swarm. They live near the coast and near the surface in open water ( pelagic zone ).
System
The pegs are divided into three subfamilies. Besides the actual herring ( Clupeinae ) whose genera and species are listed in the following, these are the Alosinae that Fadenflossigen Alsen ( Dorosomatinae ) and the Pellonulinae which includes the fossil genus Knightia heard. Nelson also includes the Sundasalanginae ( at Fishbase an independent family) to the herring, a classification which is also supported by a cladistic analysis of the herring -like.
Genera and species of Clupeinae or previously uncategorized at the Dussumieriinae taxa:
- Amblygaster Amblygaster clupeoides Bleeker, 1849
- Amblygaster leiogaster Valenciennes, 1847
- Amblygaster SIRM Walbaum, 1792
- Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus Linnaeus 1758)
- Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes 1847)
- Clupeonella Abrau ( Maliatsky, 1930)
- Tyulka Sardine ( Clupeonella cultriventris ) Nordmann, 1840
- Clupeonella engrauliformis Borodin, 1904
- Clupeonella Grimmi Kessler, 1877
- Dayella malabarica Day, 1873
- Escualosa elongata Wongratana, 1983
- Escualosa thoracata Cuvier, 1829
- Gilchristella aestuaria Gilchrist, 1913
- Harengula clupeola Cuvier, 1829
- Harengula humeralis Cuvier, 1829
- Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865
- Harengula thrissina Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
- Herklotsichthys blackburni Whitley, 1948
- Herklotsichthys castelnaui Ogilby, 1897
- Herklotsichthys collettei Wongratana, 1987
- Herklotsichthys dispilonotus Bleeker, 1852
- Herklotsichthys gotoi Wongratana, 1983
- Herklotsichthys koningsbergeri Weber & de Beaufort, 1912
- Herklotsichthys lippa Whitley, 1931
- Herklotsichthys lossei Wongratana, 1983
- Herklotsichthys ovalis Anonymous [ Bennett ], 1830
- Herklotsichthys punctatus Rüppell, 1837
- Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus Rüppell, 1837
- Herklotsichthys spilurus Guichenot, 1863
- Jenkinsia lamprotaenia Gosse, 1851
- Jenkinsia majua Whitehead, 1963
- Jenkinsia parvula Cervigón & Velazquez, 1978
- Jenkinsia stolifera Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
- Lile gracilis Castro -Aguirre & Vivero, 1990
- Lile nigrofasciata Castro -Aguirre, Ruiz- Campos & Balart, 2002
- Lile piquitinga Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
- Lile stolifera Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
- Opisthonema berlangai Berry & Barrett, 1963
- Opisthonema bulleri Regan, 1904
- Opisthonema libertate Günther, 1867
- Opisthonema medirastre Berry & Barrett, 1963
- Opisthonema oglinum Lesueur, 1818
- Platanichthys platana Regan, 1917
- Ramnogaster arcuata Jenyns, 1842
- Ramnogaster Melanostoma Eigenmann, 1907
- Rhinosardinia amazonica Steindachner, 1879
- Rhinosardinia bahiensis Steindachner, 1879
- Sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ) Cornide, 1788
- Sardinella albella Valenciennes, 1847
- Sardinella atricauda Günther, 1868
- Goldsardine ( Sardinella aurita ) Swainson, 1838
- Sardinella brachysoma Bleeker, 1852
- Sardinella fijiense Fowler & Bean, 1923
- Sardinella fimbriata Valenciennes, 1847
- Sardinella gibbosa Bleeker, 1849
- Sardinella hualiensis Chu & Tsai, 1958
- Sardinella janeiro Eigenmann, 1894
- Sardinella jussieu Lacepede, 1803 Sardinella maderensis
- Sardinella lemuru Bleeker, 1853
- Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847
- Madeira Sardinella ( Sardinella maderensis ) Risso, 1827
- Sardinella marque sensis Berry & Whitehead, 1968
- Sardinella melanura Cuvier, 1829
- Sardinella neglecta Wongratana, 1983
- Sardinella richardsoni Richardson, 1846
- Sardinella Rouxi Poll, 1953
- Sardinella sindensis Day, 1878
- Sardinella tawilis Herre, 1927
- Sardinella zunasi Bleeker, 1854
- Pacific sardine ( Sardinops sagax ) Mitchill, 1815
- Sauvagella madagascariensis Sauvage, 1883
- Sauvagella robusta Stiassny, 2002
- Spratelloides delicatulus Bennett, 1832
- Temminck & Schlegel Spratelloides gracilis, 1846
- Spratelloides lewisi Wongratana, 1983
- Spratelloides robustus Ogilby, 1897
- Spratellomorpha bianalis Bertin, 1940
- Sprattus antipodum Hector, 1872
- Sprattus fuegensis Jenyns, 1842
- Sprattus muelleri Klunzinger, 1879
- Sprattus novaehollandiae Valenciennes, 1847
- European sprat ( Sprattus sprattus )
Importance for food
- See Atlantic herring