Common Reed Bunting
Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus ), male (top) and female (bottom)
The Reed Bunting (also Rohrspatz, Emberiza schoeniclus ) is a species of bird in the bunting family ( Emberizidae ). It is a breeding bird of Europe and North Africa to East Asia and is missing only on some Mediterranean islands. It is particularly common in reed and Seggengebieten. It is a partial migrant in Central Europe. Most birds leave in October / November Central Europe and return in February and March back. Your winter home ranges to North Africa.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 External links
- 7.3 Single Documents
Features
The Reed Bunting reaches a body length of 13-16 centimeters. In the male the head and throat are in breeding plumage black, the striking, wide neck ribbon is white, the back is striped dark brown, the rump is grayish, the underside is grayish light. After the autumn moult, these high-contrast staining is obscured by gray Federsäume and comes during the winter after wear of the feather edges reappear. The female is brown striped with black and white beard and a bright streak over eye-streak, the underside lighter. It is difficult to determine on the course, especially when it encounters alone.
Young birds resemble the adult females. The nestlings have to head, torso and abdomen initially quite long carbon blacks dunes. The throat and tongue are pink, tongue and lace edges whitish against it. The Schnabelwülste are yellowish white.
Possible confusion
Confusion opportunities exist with the dwarf and the Waldammer. However, the Waldammer has maroon stripes on flanks and chest and has a reddish brown rump and a white patch on the ear-coverts. The Little Bunting is smaller, has a maroon face mask and pale dark circles.
Distribution area
The distribution area of reed bunting stretches over Eurasia. In the north it extends to Scandinavia and Central Siberia, in the East the dissemination threshold is in Japan and Kamchatka. The type also comes as a breeding bird in northwest China, in Iran, in Turkey, in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. It is a partial migrant and wintering in southern and western Europe, the Mediterranean and in South and East Asia. On the African continent, the Reed Bunting is a rare breeding bird. Only four sites are known in Morocco, where this species has been bred. As Irrgast occasionally reaches the north of Egypt.
Along the Danube, between the Black and Caspian Seas, the Reed Bunting is all year round before, to the north of these areas it is only to be found during the breeding season and winter in southern Europe. While most insectivorous birds migrate during the night, the Reed Bunting migrates as the other seed -eaters during the day.
Habitat
The reed bunting is a characteristic bird of the wetlands and lives in medium to large reeds and reed beds, on waters edge with shrub cover, grassy marshes with scattered bushes and willow thickets in swampy meadows. In the fall she sometimes goes on harvested corn and wheat fields, where they - often together with finches and sparrows - looking for food.
On the train and in the wintering areas they linger at lake shores and in wetlands. However, it is also often found far from water and analyzed for agricultural land to glades and in sand dunes for food.
Way of life
Reed Buntings are often seen in jerky flight roam or elevated place - often obliquely on one stalk - sitting spread- tail when they perform their song, which gave rise to the phrase scold like a fishwife has given. The call is elongated and strongly high and rough.
Food
The Reed Bunting feeds preferably from grass seed and also in the summer on small insects, snails and worms. They studied mainly on the ground for food and is then frequently observed in reed-beds and on moist grasslands and pastures. Occasionally, they also examined the lower range of shrubs and trees that are at the banks of the waters, for food. While foraging, the Reed Bunting is very joyful movement. Occasionally she even starts in flying insects. Very often they tree t on a free-standing waiting.
During the breeding season, the Reed Bunting feeds mainly on invertebrates. Play a special role in Fly, caterpillars, beetles, spiders, dragonflies and Spring terror. After the breeding season, seeds of grasses dominate, invertebrates are eaten but somewhat opportunistic.
Reproduction
Courtship consists largely of a fast chase, which often ends in a violent scuffle. To impress the female, the male occasionally directed to its striking white collar, which stands in stark contrast to the black head.
Reed Buntings nest on the edge of the reeds and reed-beds, in the banks of rare shrubs and even far away. Water into high dense vegetation such as canola fields The cup-shaped nest is built so that it is well hidden in the vegetation. It is located either close to the ground under overhanging Altgras or up to one meter high in a bush. On construction only the female is involved, which is accompanied by the male. It installed grass, sedges, rushes and moss. The actual Nistmulde is upholstered with fine grass, animal hair and Schilfrispen ..
The nest usually contains 4-6 eggs. The eggs are drawn as many bunting eggs with strange squiggles and scribbles on variable ground tint. The incubation period is 12-14 days, it breeds only the female parent bird. The nestling period lasts 12-15 days. Breeding season is from April to July. In Central Europe and the UK draw Reed Buntings usually two broods in size, in Scandinavia, however, usually only one years young.
Some males are not monogamous, but manage multiple nests, in each of which a female is sitting on his brood. To divert the attention of predators from their nest, entice ie Reed Buntings they flutter like wings lame along the ground - a feint, small, sitting on elevated Wait birds otherwise normally not apply.
The reproductive success of Reed Buntings is not very high, very many nests fall victim to predators. In a study conducted in England flew study of 100 nests only twenty young birds from. From a total of 1846 eggs were laid, hatched only 67 percent of nestlings and thirty percent of these were fledged.
Subspecies
The recognized by Integrated Taxonomic Information System subspecies are:
- Emberiza schoeniclus caspia Menetries, 1832
- Emberiza schoeniclus centralasiae Hartert, 1904
- Emberiza schoeniclus harterti Sushkin, 1906
- Emberiza schoeniclus incognita ( Zarudny, 1917)
- Emberiza schoeniclus intermedia Degland, 1849 - Corsica, Italy and the Adriatic coast. Part of this population overwinters in Algeria and Tunisia.
- Emberiza schoeniclus korejewi ( Zarudny, 1907)
- Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior Hartert, 1904
- Emberiza schoeniclus parvirostris Buturlin, 1910
- Emberiza schoeniclus passerina Pallas, 1771
- Emberiza schoeniclus Pyrrhulina ( Swinhoe, 1876)
- Emberiza schoeniclus pyrrhuloides Pallas, 1811
- Emberiza schoeniclus reiseri Hartert, 1904
- Emberiza schoeniclus schoeniclus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Emberiza schoeniclus stresemanni F. Steinbacher, 1930
- Emberiza schoeniclus tschusii Reiser & Almasy, 1898 - Danube in Romania and Bulgaria to the south of Ukraine
- Emberiza schoeniclus ukrainae ( Zarudny, 1917)
- Emberiza schoeniclus witherbyi From Jordan, 1923 - Iberian Peninsula and southern France
- Emberiza schoeniclus zaidamensis Portenko, 1929