Courtyard

As a courtyard in the architecture is located below an open sky area of ​​a building referred to, which is surrounded by wings or walls. Differing from the traditional construction yards can also be covered with a glass roof in modern architecture, natural lighting and the spatial impression are crucial in the assignment in this case.

Distinction based on the location

Farms can be fundamentally differ according to their location within the building complex:

A courtyard is enclosed on all sides yard, usually in large, contiguous building complexes. There are a variety of types and numbers. Rectangular floor plans are the most widespread. If the court of special value is attributed as an independent component, it is often stressed by a square floor plan. Regular polygonal or round patios are rare (example: Palace of Charles V at the Alhambra ). In medieval castles, there are often irregular polygonal inner courtyards, which have resulted from the adjustment of the castle to the natural terrain.

A special form of the courtyard is the atrium, which is covered with open or glass and is used for exposure of the surrounding rooms.

An atrium is a courtyard in front of a building, which provides a transition between the public area of a street or square and the main building. Atria are found mainly in representative buildings, with ruler's palaces they have a ceremonial and religious buildings often a cultic function. The atria of churches are called narthex.

The backyard is a lying behind a building yard, which usually had domestic functions and therefore usually has no baukünstlerische design. Backyards are characteristic of the tenements of the 19th century, where it generated by the development of the original behind the house garden area.

Special designs

The term Atrium is now used mainly for glazed courtyards. Originally called an interior atrium of a Roman house, which was exposed through a ceiling opening (ie no court in the strict sense). Later, the term transferred primarily to the atrial of representative buildings and early Christian churches. In modern architecture, the atrium is often used as a fashion word with which designates all the species of courtyards.

The peristyle is surrounded on all sides by porticos courtyard, which goes back to the ancient Greek architecture.

The cloister is surrounded by arcaded courtyard in monasteries.

The main courtyard is a forecourt, which occurs mainly in three-winged baroque palaces.

The patio is the Spanish term for a courtyard.

Cloister of the monastery of Certosa di Pavia, Italy

The glass-roofed Great Court of the British Museum in London

Atrium in the Karstadt (Munich ) ⊙ 48.14039311.561726

Landscaped Patio, Universidad Católica de Chile

Atrium of the Prussian Landtag in Berlin

Atrium in the main building ( " Main Building ") of the University of Hannover

Atrium with staircase in the Palace of Justice, Munich

Görlitz, Karstadt department store, stairwell / atrium