Crotalaria

Inflorescence of Crotalaria naragutensis

Crotalaria is with about 690 species one of the largest plant genera of the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The genus name is derived from κροταλον, the Greek word for castanet, and initiates thus equal ago as the zoological genus name for the rattlesnakes Crotalus.

Description

The Crotalaria species grow as single-, two-year or perennial herbaceous plants or shrubs and reach depending on plant height of 0.3 to 3 meters. There are some xerophytes. Often all parts of the plant are hairy.

The alternate and spirally or two lines on the stem are arranged distributed leaves are tiny and very large, petiolate to sessile and simple or compound. When the leaf blade is assembled then it is easy imparipinnate with one, often three to seven leaflets rarely. The two stipules may be adherent to the petiole, sometimes they are small, rarely missing.

The butterfly flowers are individually rare, mostly in racemose, aged men, capitate or rarely frets then inflorescences together. The inflorescences are terminal or axillary, or the leaves opposite. There may be small and deciduous leaf-like bracts. It can be an external cup exist, it is then usually made of fused bracts.

The hermaphrodite, strongly zygomorphic, five petals are tiny to large with double perianth. The base of the flower is usually more or less cup- shaped and forms in some species a Gynophor. The five sepals are fused Roehrig, with the calyx tube is at most the same length as the most equal to sometimes significantly different calyx lobes. The colors of the five petals are usually yellow to orange or brown, but occasionally pink ( Crotalaria cornetii ) or blue ( Crotalaria variegata ); are often significant, usually darker patterns on the petals present. Two petals are fused to the shuttle. The wings are not attached to the boat. The flag is only nailed short. It is not a spur present. There are ten fertile stamens present, they are almost the same or significantly unequal. The stamens are Roehrig with each other but not fused with the petals. The mostly free dust bag are alternately long and basifixed or short and dorsifixed. There is only one carpel with two -hundred ovules available. Pollination is mostly by insects ( entomophily ).

The long and often relatively short and thick, almost spherical, straight or curved legumes are smooth to hairy. The legumes contain from two to a hundred seeds. The small to very large seeds are more or less kidney-shaped and sometimes can have an aril. If you release the mature seeds in the fruit and beat the shake against the firm fruit wall, and makes noise like a rattle or castanet, so the genus was given the scientific name and the English name " rattlepod ".

Symbiosis

Like many other legumes, forming species of the genus Crotalaria root nodules in which symbiotic bacteria fix nitrogen. These bacteria belong either to the genus Bradyrhizobium, or to the genus Methylobacterium, the only Crotalaria species is known as stickstofffixierender symbiont.

Dissemination

Crotalaria species thrive mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. The distribution area of the pantropical genus Crotalaria is widespread with 510 species in tropical Africa, a side focus is the Neotropics with just under 100 species. In Zimbabwe, there are about 75 species in Madagascar are 48 types before (of which 33 are endemic, 10 are naturally occurring but are not endemic, 5 are invasive plants), 33 species are available in Western Australia, in Nepal, there are 31 species in China and Pakistan are found in each of eleven species. Some species are invasive plants in many areas of the world.

System

Synonyms for Crotalaria L. are: Goniogyna DC, DC Heylandia, Pentadynamis R.Br., Priotropis Wight & Arn, Quirosia Blanco.. ..

Crotalaria belongs to the tribe Crotalarieae in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). Are closely related to the genera Lotononis and Bolusia. The genus Crotalaria comprises about 550-690 species.

Selected Crotalaria species:

  • Crotalaria abbreviata Baker f
  • Crotalaria aculeata De Wild.
  • Crotalaria agatiflora Schweinf.
  • Crotalaria albicaulis Franch.
  • Crotalaria albida B.Heyne ex Roth
  • Crotalaria Alexandrian Baker f
  • Crotalaria andringitrensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria androyensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria angulata Mill
  • Crotalaria anisophylla ( Hiern ) Baker
  • Crotalaria ankaizinensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria ankaratrana R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria anomala R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria anthyllopsis Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria argyraea Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria argyrolobioides Baker
  • Crotalaria aridicola Dominguez
  • Crotalaria arenaria Benth.
  • Crotalaria assamica Benth.
  • Crotalaria avonensis Delaney & Wunderlin
  • Crotalaria axillaris Aiton
  • Crotalaria balansae Micheli
  • Crotalaria barkae Schweinf.
  • Crotalaria barnabassii Dinter ex Baker f
  • Crotalaria beddomeana Thoth. & A.A.Ansari
  • Crotalaria bequaertii Baker f
  • Crotalaria bernieri Baill.
  • Crotalaria berteroana DC.
  • Crotalaria bosseri M.Pelt.
  • Crotalaria brachycarpa ( Benth. ) Burtt Davy ex I.Verd.
  • Crotalaria brevidens Benth.
  • Crotalaria breviflora DC.
  • Crotalaria brevis Dominguez
  • Crotalaria burkeana Benth.
  • Crotalaria cajanifolia Kunth
  • Crotalaria calva R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria calycina cabinet
  • Crotalaria candicans Wight & Arn.
  • Crotalaria capensis Jacq.
  • Crotalaria capuronii M.Pelt.
  • Crotalaria caudata Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria cephalotes Steud. ex A.Rich.
  • Crotalaria L. chinensis
  • Crotalaria chirindae Baker f
  • Crotalaria chrysochlora Baker f ex Harms
  • Crotalaria cleomifolia Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria collina Polhill
  • Crotalaria comosa Baker
  • Crotalaria cornetii Taubert & Dewevre
  • Crotalaria cornu ammonis - R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria coursii M.Pelt.
  • Crotalaria craspedocarpa R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria crispata F.Muell. ex Benth.
  • Crotalaria cunninghamii R.Br.
  • Crotalaria cyanoxantha R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria cylindrocarpa DC.
  • Crotalaria cylindrostachys Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria cytisoides Roxb. ex DC.
  • Crotalaria damarensis Engl
  • Crotalaria decaryana R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria deserticola Taub. ex Baker f
  • Crotalaria digitata Hook.
  • Crotalaria dissitiflora Benth.
  • Crotalaria distans Benth.
  • Crotalaria distantiflora Baker f
  • Crotalaria doidgeae I.Verd.
  • Crotalaria diosmifolia Benth.
  • Crotalaria doniana Baker
  • Crotalaria dura J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
  • Crotalaria edmundi - bakeri R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria ekmanii Windler & S.G.Skinner
  • Crotalaria emirnensis Benth.
  • Crotalaria erecta Pilg.
  • Crotalaria eremaea F.Muell.
  • Crotalaria eremicola Baker f
  • Crotalaria excisa ( Thunb. ) Baker f
  • Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.
  • Crotalaria fiherenensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria filicaulis Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria filifolia Rose
  • Crotalaria filipes Benth.
  • Crotalaria flavicarinata Baker f
  • Crotalaria gazensis Baker f
  • Crotalaria glauca Willd.
  • Crotalaria glaucoides Baker f
  • Crotalaria globifera E.Mey.
  • Crotalaria goreensis Guill. & Perr.
  • Crotalaria Wight & Arn grahamiana.
  • Crotalaria grevei Drake
  • Crotalaria hainanensis C.C.Huang
  • Crotalaria hebecarpa ( DC.) Rudd
  • Crotalaria heidmannii Schinz
  • Crotalaria hirsuta Willd.
  • Crotalaria hirta Willd.
  • Crotalaria holosericea Nees & Mart.
  • Crotalaria humbertiana M.Pelt.
  • Crotalaria humbertii R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria humifusa Graham ex Benth.
  • Crotalaria humilis Eckl. & Zeyh.
  • Crotalaria hyssopifolia Klotzsch
  • Crotalaria ibityensis R.Vig. & Humbert
  • Crotalaria impressa Nees ex Walp.
  • Crotalaria incana L.
  • Crotalaria insignis Polhill
  • Crotalaria isaloensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria juncea L.
  • Crotalaria kapirensis De Wild.
  • Crotalaria kipandensis Baker f
  • Crotalaria L. laburnifolia
  • Crotalaria laburnoides Klotzsch
  • Crotalaria lachnocarpoides Engl
  • Crotalaria lachnosema Stapf
  • Crotalaria laevigata Lam.
  • Crotalaria lanceolata E.Meyer
  • Crotalaria lasiocarpa Polhill
  • Crotalaria lathyroides Guill. & Perr.
  • Crotalaria leandriana M.Pelt.
  • Crotalaria lebrunii Baker f
  • Crotalaria leptostachya Benth.
  • Crotalaria leubnitziana Schinz
  • Linifolia Crotalaria L. f
  • Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn.
  • Crotalaria longithyrsa Baker f
  • Crotalaria lotoides Benth.
  • Crotalaria lukwangulensis Harms
  • Crotalaria macrocarpa E.Mey.
  • Crotalaria madurensis Wight
  • Crotalaria mahafalensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria mandrarensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria manongarivensis R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria mauensis Baker f
  • Crotalaria maypurensis Kunth
  • Crotalaria medicaginea Lam.
  • Crotalaria mesopontica Taub.
  • Crotalaria meyeriana Steud.
  • Crotalaria micans Link
  • Crotalaria microcarpa Benth.
  • Crotalaria mitchellii Benth.
  • Crotalaria mohlenbrockii Windler & S.G.Skinner
  • Crotalaria monteiroi Taub. ex Baker f
  • Crotalaria mysorensis Roth
  • Crotalaria nana Burm. f
  • Crotalaria naragutensis Hutch.
  • Crotalaria natalitia Meisn.
  • Crotalaria nitens Kunth
  • Crotalaria Wight & Arn notonii.
  • Crotalaria novae- hollandiae DC.
  • Crotalaria obscura DC.
  • Crotalaria ochroleuca G.Don
  • Crotalaria ononoides Benth.
  • Crotalaria oocarpa Baker
  • Crotalaria orientalis Burtt Davy ex I.Verd.
  • Crotalaria orixensis Rottler ex Willd.
  • Crotalaria orthoclada Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria pallida Aiton
  • Crotalaria pallidicaulis Harms
  • Crotalaria paulina cabinet
  • Crotalaria peltieri Polhill
  • Crotalaria perrieri R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria perrottetii DC.
  • Crotalaria pervillei Baill.
  • Crotalaria phylicoides Wild
  • Crotalaria pilosa Mill
  • Crotalaria pisicarpa Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria platysepala Harv.
  • Crotalaria podocarpa DC.
  • Crotalaria poissonii R.Vig.
  • Crotalaria polysperma Kotschy ex Schweinf.
  • Crotalaria prostrata Rottler ex Willd.
  • Crotalaria pumila Ortega
  • Crotalaria purshii DC.
  • Crotalaria pusilla B.Heyne ex DC.
  • Crotalaria quinquefolia L.
  • Crotalaria recta Steud. ex A.Rich.
  • Crotalaria reptans Taub.
  • Crotalaria retusa L.
  • Crotalaria rhodesiae Baker f
  • Crotalaria rogersii Baker f
  • Crotalaria rotundifolia J.F.Gmel.
  • Crotalaria L. sagittal
  • Crotalaria saharae Coss.
  • Crotalaria saltiana Andrews
  • Crotalaria schinzii Baker f
  • Crotalaria schlechteri Baker f
  • Crotalaria semperflorens Vent.
  • Crotalaria senegalensis ( Pers.) Bacle ex DC.
  • Crotalaria L. sessiliflora
  • Crotalaria shirensis ( Baker f ) Milne - Redh.
  • Crotalaria sparsifolia Baker
  • Crotalaria spartea Baker
  • Crotalaria spartioides DC.
  • Crotalaria speciosa B.Heyne ex Roth
  • Crotalaria spectabilis Roth
  • Crotalaria sphaerocarpa Perr. ex DC.
  • Crotalaria steudneri Schweinf.
  • Crotalaria stipularia Desv.
  • Crotalaria stolzii ( Baker f ) Polhill
  • Crotalaria subcapitata De Wild.
  • Crotalaria tanety Du Puy, Labat & H.E.Ireland
  • Crotalaria tenuirama Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria tetragona Roxb. ex Andrews
  • Crotalaria toamasinae M.Pelt.
  • Crotalaria trichotoma Boii
  • Crotalaria trifoliastrum Willd.
  • Crotalaria triquetra Dalzell
  • Crotalaria uncinella Lam.
  • Crotalaria valida Baker
  • Crotalaria valli cola Baker f
  • Crotalaria variegata Welw. ex Baker
  • Crotalaria vasculosa Wall. ex Benth.
  • Crotalaria velutina Benth.
  • Crotalaria verrucosa L.
  • Crotalaria vestita Baker
  • Crotalaria virgulata Klotzsch
  • Crotalaria virgultalis Burch. ex DC.
  • Crotalaria vitellina Ker Gawl.
  • Crotalaria walkeri Arn.
  • Crotalaria xanthoclada Boii ex Benth.

Use

The East Indian hemp ( Crotalaria juncea ) is used in Asia as a food plant, and to a lesser scale than plant fiber and green manure. Crotalaria longirostrata is a leaf vegetable in Central America. Other species are medicinal, used as ornamental plants or crops.

Swell

  • Leslie Watson: Crotalaria in the Western Australian Flora: Flora Base - Online, 2008
Rosids Fiber crop Agricultural Research Service
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