Ctenuchinae

Wespenmimikry the genus Pseudosphex

The Ctenuchini are a tribe of tiger moths ( Arctiidae ) within the order of butterflies. They comprise about 2000 species and are mainly distributed in the Neotropical region. From Central Europe, only a few species have been established. With the bear spinners they share the presence of Tymbal and Tympanalorganen (organs for sound production and perception ). Their taxonomic position within the tiger moth is not yet fully understood, which is why they are treated by some authors as a separate subfamily Ctenuchinae this.

Features

The types of Ctenuchini form a heterogeneous group of moths; some are characterized by near-perfect mimicry of wasps, others have strikingly shiny metallic flakes and some are colored unremarkable. About the larval stages and forage plants is so far very little is known. Many species are pharmakophag, that is, they take independently of food phytonutrients ( Pyrrolizidinalkaloide ) in order to increase their own survival and reproductive opportunities. The Tymbalorgane the Ctenuchini can generate clicking sounds in the ultrasonic range. Revealed by observations of individual species, that the sounds are used both for intraspecific communication, as well as for defense against predators ( bats ). However, there are only a few studies.

Types (selection)

  • Amata caspia (Staudinger, 1877)
  • Like white -spot burnet ( Amata kruegeri ) (Ragusa, 1904) A CH? , D
  • Amata nigricornis ( Alphéraky, 1883)
  • White -spot burnet ( Amata phegea ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
  • Amata ragazzii ( Turati, 1917)
  • Brown -spot burnet ( Dysauxes ancilla ) (Linnaeus, 1767) A, CH, D
  • Hyaline Braunwidderchen ( Dysauxes famula ) ( Freyer, 1836) A, CH
  • Dysauxes punctata (Fabricius, 1781) A, CH

Swell

  • Günter Ebert (ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Bd 5 moths, III ( Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae ). Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 3-800-13481-0
  • Manfred Koch: We determined. Butterflies. Bd 2 Bears, spinner, enthusiast and drill Germany. Neumann, Radebeul 1964, 1991. ISBN 3-7402-0092-8
  • Kristensen NP: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology 4 (35 ), pp. 389ff, Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7
  • Bernard Skinner: Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles. Viking, London, 1998. ISBN 0-670-87978-9
  • SJ Weller, RB Simmons, R. Boada & WE Conner: Abdominal Modifications Occurring in Wasp Mimics of the Ctenuchine - Euchromiine clade (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae ). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93 (4): 920-928, Lanham ( Md. ), 2000.
Noctuoidea Scale (Lepidopteran anatomy)
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