Curcuma

Turmeric or turmeric (Curcuma longa ), illustration.

Curcuma is a genus of flowering plants of the ginger family ( Zingiberaceae ). You belong also the turmeric or Indian turmeric (Curcuma longa ), and the Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza ), ( to distinguish it from turmeric ) as an important herb to. The traditionally derived from the plant substance curcumin used except as a flavor carrier and as a yellow dye, among other things, for coloring foods. There are about 90 taxonomically recognized species, which mostly come from South and Southeast Asia, are spread from tropical Asia to northern Australia and are cultivated in the tropics often.

Features

Curcuma species are perennial herbaceous plants. They are branched, fleshy, aromatic rhizomes, tubers often where to find them. The most basal leaves are usually lanceolate, oblong, or rarely almost linear.

Often, prior to the formation of sheets directly drive from the rhizome of pseudo drives or separate drives, the terminal, aged men inflorescences from. On upright inflorescence bracts are located, which often have a different color on top. The lower halves of the bracts are fused with each other, while the upper halves broaden. The pockets thus formed are winding counter from two to seven flowers.

The hermaphrodite flowers are triple. The usually short, tubular calyx is split on one side, is two - or three-lobed or toothed. The crown is funnel-shaped, the petals ovate or oblong, nearly as long as or with a significantly larger central petal, the Kronblattspitzen are greatly exaggerated. The outer staminodes are kronblattartig shaped, fused at the base of the stamens and the labellum. The labellum consists of an inner, thickened area and outer, thinner lobes, which partially overlap the staminodes. The stamens are short and broad, the anthers multiform, spurred at the base usually.

The capsule fruit is usually ellipsoid, consists of three chambers and jumps at maturity on.

System

Among the approximately 80 species of the genus associated with the turmeric or turmeric is (C. longa ) certainly the most well-known because of her well-known cooking spice is obtained. Curcuma alismatifolia is a Southeast Asian ornamental plant. In Curcuma Mangga the description of Valeton & van Zijp and thus the species status is not currently recognized; the plant found in South Indian cuisine use; it is pickled.

Here is a list of recognized species, although next to the botanical author abbreviation is indicated by the publication year of publication of the first description:

  • Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 335 (1810 ).
  • Curcuma albicoma S.Q.Tong, Acta Bot Yunnan. 8 (1 ): 37 (1986).
  • Curcuma albiflora Thwaites, Enum. Pl Zeyl. 316 ( 1861).
  • Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 49: 259 (1903 ).
  • Curcuma amada Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 341 (1810 ).
  • Curcuma amarissima Roscoe, Monandr. Pl Scitam. T. 101 (1826 ).
  • Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 338 (1810 ).
  • Curcuma aromatica Salisb. , Parad. Lond. T. 96 (1808 ).
  • Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 213 ( 1890).
  • Curcuma aurantiaca Zijp, Recueil Trav. Bot Neerl. 12: 345 (1915 ).
  • Curcuma australasica Hook. f, Bot Mag 93: t. 5620 (1867 ).
  • Curcuma Bakeriana Hemsl. , Gard. Chron 1892 ( 1): 682 (1892 ).
  • Curcuma bhatii ( R.M.Sm. ) Škornick. & M.Sabu, Gard. Bull Singapore 57: 43 ( 2005).
  • Curcuma bicolor Mood & K.Larsen, New Plantsman 8: 216 ( 2001).
  • Curcuma caesia Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 334 (1810 ).
  • Curcuma ceratotheca K.Schum. , Bot Jahrb Syst. 27: 335 (1899 ).
  • Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 54: 404 ( 1907).
  • Curcuma codonantha Škornick. , M.Sabu & Prasanthk. , Gard. Bull Singapore 55: 220 ( 2003).
  • Curcuma coerulea K.Schum. in HGAEngler (ed.), Pflanzenr, IV, 46. 106 ( 1904).
  • Curcuma colorata Valeton, Bull Jard. Bot Buitenzorg, II, 27: 40 (1918).
  • Curcuma comosa Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 336 ( 1810).
  • Curcuma coriacea Mangaly & M.Sabu, Notes Roy. Bot Gard. Edinburgh 45: 429 (1988 publ 1989. ).
  • Curcuma decipiens Dalzell, Hooker's J. Bot Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 144 ( 1850).
  • Curcuma ecalcarata Sivar. & Barlach. , Notes Roy. Bot Gard. Edinburgh 41: 321 ( 1983).
  • Curcuma ecomata Craib, Bull Misc. Inform Kew 1912: 301 ( 1912).
  • Curcuma elata Roxb. , Fl. Ind. 1: 25 (1820 ).
  • Curcuma exigua N.Liu, Guihaia 7: 15 (1987).
  • Curcuma Roxb ferruginea. , Asian. Res 11: 336 ( 1810).
  • Curcuma flaviflora S.Q.Tong, Acta Bot Yunnan. 8: 37 (1986).
  • Curcuma glans K.Larsen & Mood, New Plantsman 8: 216 ( 2001).
  • Curcuma gracillima Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 50: 161 (1903 ).
  • Curcuma grandiflora Wall. ex Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 216 ( 1892).
  • Curcuma Haritha Mangaly & M.Sabu, Rheedea 3: 152 (1993).
  • Curcuma harmandii Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 54: 404 ( 1907).
  • Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp, Recueil Trav. Bot Neerl. 14: 132 (1917 ).
  • Curcuma inodora sheet., J. Proc. Asian. Soc. Bengal 26: 357 (1930 publ 1931. ).
  • Curcuma karnatakensis Amalraj, Velay. & Mural. , J. Econ. Taxon. Bot 15: 490 (1991).
  • Curcuma kudagensis Velay. , VSPillai & Amalraj, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot 14: 476 (1990).
  • Curcuma kwangsiensis SGLee & CFLiang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15 (2): 110 (1977).
  • Curcuma larsenii Maknoi C. & T. Jenjittikul, Gard. Bull Singapore 58: 41 (2006).
  • Curcuma latiflora Valeton, Nova Guinea 8: 923 (1913).
  • Latifolia Curcuma Roscoe, Monandr. Pl Scitam. T. 108 (1825 ).
  • Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 337 (1810 ).
  • Curcuma loerzingii Valeton, Bull Jard. Bot Buitenzorg, II, 27: 71 (1918).
  • Turmeric or turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Sp Pl: 2 ( 1753).
  • Curcuma longispica Valeton, Bull Jard. Bot Buitenzorg, II, 27: 81 (1918).
  • Curcuma meraukensis Valeton, Nova Guinea 8: 924 (1913).
  • Curcuma mutabilis Škornick. , M.Sabu & Prasanthk. , Gard. Bull Singapore 56: 44 ( 2004).
  • Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight, Icon. Pl Ind. Orient. T. 2006 ( 1853).
  • Curcuma oligantha Trimen, J. Bot 23: 245 (1885 ).
  • Curcuma ornata Wall. ex Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 211 ( 1890).
  • Curcuma parviflora Wall. , Pl Asian. Rar. 1: 47 ( 1830).
  • Curcuma parvula Gage, Rec Bot Surv. India 3: 106 (1905 ).
  • Curcuma peethapushpa Sasidh. & Sivar. , Notes Roy. Bot Gard. Edinburgh 45: 425 (1988 publ 1989. ).
  • Curcuma petiolata Roxb. , Fl. Ind. 1: 36 (1820 ).
  • Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton, Bull Jard. Bot Buitenzorg, II, 27: 69 (1918).
  • Curcuma pierreana Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 54: 405 ( 1907).
  • Curcuma plicata Wall. ex Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 213 ( 1890).
  • Curcuma porphyrotaenia Zipp. ex tension, Linnaea 15:. 479 (1841 ).
  • Curcuma Prakasha S.Tripathi, Nordic J. Bot 21: 549 (2001 publ 2002. ).
  • Curcuma pseudo montana J.Graham, Cat. Pl Bombay: 210 ( 1839).
  • Curcuma purpurascens Flower, Enum. Pl Javaé: 46 (1827 ).
  • Curcuma purpurea leaf., J. Proc. Asian. Soc. Bengal 26: 358 (1930 publ 1931. ).
  • Curcuma raktakanta Mangaly & M.Sabu, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot 12: 475 (1988 publ 1989. ).
  • Curcuma reclinata Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 342 (1810 ).
  • Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & MFNewman, New Plantsman 7: 196 ( 2000).
  • Curcuma Rhomba Mood & K.Larsen, New Plantsman 8: 217 ( 2001).
  • Curcuma roscoeana Wall. , Pl Asian. Rar. 1: 8 (1829 ).
  • Curcuma rubescens Roxb. , Asian. Res 11: 336 ( 1810).
  • Curcuma rubrobracteata Škornick. , M.Sabu & Prasanthk. , Gard. Bull Singapore 55: 89 ( 2003).
  • Curcuma sattayasaii Chaveerach A. & R. Sudmoon, J. Syst. Evol. 46 (1): 80 (2008).
  • Curcuma sichuanensis XXChen, Guihaia 4: 133 (1984).
  • Curcuma singularis Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 54: 407 ( 1907).
  • Curcuma sparganiifolia Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 49: 260 (1903 ).
  • Curcuma stenochila Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 52: 543 ( 1903).
  • Curcuma strobilifera Wall. ex Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 216 ( 1890).
  • Curcuma sulcata Haines, Bull Misc. Inform Kew 1923: 119 (1923).
  • Curcuma sumatrana Miq. , Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 615 (1861 ).
  • Curcuma sylvatica Valeton, Bull Jard. Bot Buitenzorg, II, 27: 149 (1918).
  • Curcuma thalakaveriensis Velay. , Amalraj & Mural. , J. Econ. Taxon. Bot 15: 479 (1991).
  • Curcuma thorelii Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 54: 406 ( 1907).
  • Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep. , Bull Soc. France Bot 54: 407 ( 1907).
  • Curcuma vamana M.Sabu & Mangaly, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot 10: 307 (1987 publ 1988. ).
  • Curcuma wenyujin YHChen & C.Ling, Acta Pharm Sin. 16: 387 (1981).
  • Curcuma yunnanensis N.Liu & SJChen, Guihaia 7: 16 (1987).
  • Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. , Fl. Ind. 1: 25 (1820 ).
  • Zitwerwurzel (Curcuma zedoaria ( Christm. ) Roscoe ), Trans Linn. Soc. London 8: 354 (1807 ).
  • Curcuma zedoaroides A.Chaveerach & T. Tanee, J. Syst. Evol. 46 (1): 80 (2008).

Swell

  • The genus Curcuma in the Flora of China. (English )
  • The genus Curcuma in the Flora of Pakistan. (English )
  • Aminul Islam: . Genetic diversity of the genus Curcuma in Bangladesh and Further biotechnological Approaches for in vitro regeneration and long-term conservation of C. longa germplasm, University of Hannover, Department of Biology, 2004 Dissertation: Online (English )

Single References

Zingiberales Yellowroot Perennial plant Missouri Botanical Garden Integrated Authority File
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