Cyathea

Mamaku - tree fern C. medullaris native to New Zealand

Cyathea is a Farngattung within the order of tree ferns ( Cyatheales ). They are also called cup ferns.

Features

The representatives of the genus are predominantly tree-like ferns. Compared to other tree ferns they differ by marginate Shed: The shed cells at the edge are smaller than in the middle and not like those oriented in the longitudinal direction. The spores usually have two Perine layers and a holey exine. Only Hymenophyllopsis has a Perine layer and no holes in the exine.

System

The genus Cyathea had very different extent in the past. In recent years, some formerly independent genera were included in Cyathea by molecular genetic analyzes.

Molecular genetic studies revealed the following relationships within the genus:

Cnemidaria Group

Cyathea gibbosa group

Cyathea divergens group

Cyathea armata group

Hymenophyllopsis

Cyathea decurrens group ( Old World species)

The species of the Old World are separate from those of the New World. Within the species of the New World Hymenophyllopsis is available as a basal group.

The eight types of Hymenophyllopsis are small, have a few centimeters long rhizome, and thin, stomata loose sheets. But their sheds and the spores are similar to those of Cyathea.

The types of Cnemidaria are not tree-like, their feathered to pinnatifid leaves are not hairy. They form, together with Cyathea speciosa, a monophyletic group within the New World Cyathea species.

The former genus Trichipteris, which is characterized by the absence of indusia is not a monophyletic group, its types are scattered within the New World clade.

Some species of the genus Cyathea are:

  • Cyathea arborea (L.) Sm, Origin: West Indies, Venezuela, northern Colombia
  • Rough Becherfarn ( Cyathea australis ( R. Br ) Domin, Syn: Alsophila australis R. Br ), Origin: Australia and Tasmania
  • Norfolk tree fern ( Cyathea brownii Domin ), Origin: Australia ( Norfolk Island )
  • Cape Becherfarn ( Cyathea capensis ( L. f ) Sm, Syn: Alsophila capensis ( L. f ) J. Sm ), Origin: South Africa, Southern Brazil
  • Cyathea cunninghamii Hook. f, Origin: Australia ( Tasmania ) and New Zealand
  • Called silver tree fern, also silver Becherfarn or Ponga ( Cyathea dealbata G. Forst, Syn. Alsophila tricolor ( Colenso ) RM Tryon ), Origin: New Zealand, Australia ( Norfolk Island )
  • Cyathea dregei Kuntze, Origin: South Africa, Zimbabwe
  • Cyathea insignis D.C. Eaton, Origin: Jamaica
  • Black Becherfarn or Mamaku - tree fern ( Cyathea medullaris G. Forst. ) Sw, home. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Pacific Islands
  • Cyathea smithii Hook. f, Origin: New Zealand
  • Cyathea spinulosa Wall, Origin:. India, Myanmar

Documents

  • Korall P., D. S. Conant, J. S. Metzgar, H. Schneider, C.M. Pryer: A Molecular Phylogeny of Scaly Tree Ferns ( Cyatheaceae ). American Journal of Botany, Volume 94, 2007, pp. 873-886.
  • Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
Leptosporangiate fern James Edward Smith Ponga, Asturias
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