Cynometra

Cynometra malaccensis

Cynometra is a plant genus in the subfamily of carob plants ( Caesalpinioideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The 80 to 90 species are widespread in the tropics.

  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Cynometra species usually grow as evergreen trees. You are not reinforced.

The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The most twisted feathery leaf blades contain from one to up to pairs of opposite pinnate leaves permanent. Very rare only a pinnate leaf is present. The leaflets are asymmetrical. The stipules fall off early.

Inflorescences and flowers

In paniculate or racemose inflorescences simple spirally arranged on the inflorescence axis stand together some or many flowers. In Cynometra cauliflora (hence the epithet ) is cauliflory ago. The cover sheets are relatively small.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry with a double perianth. The four sepals overlap like roof tiles. The five petals are equal to almost equal. There are usually ten stamens present. The stamens free or almost free and the anthers open by a longitudinal slit. The depending on the type more or less long -stalked, single carpel contains one to four ovules. According to the type at the top or at the side of the ovary or rarely located on the bottom wall of the flowers, long stylus terminating in a tiny scar.

Fruit and seeds

The legumes are either thickened and remain closed at maturity or are flat, woody and open elastic at maturity with two smooth fruit flaps. Each legume usually containing only one or two seed. The seeds have a very short Funikel and a thin seed coat.

Occurrence

The genus Cynometra has a tropical distribution. 26 to 28 are widespread in tropical Africa. Ten species are found only in Madagascar. Two species are endemic to the Comoros. About 26 types are spread from India to Southeast Asia, Indochina, Malaysia's and Papua Rhodesia to Australia and on Pacific islands. In the Neotropics come before seven from Mexico to Central America and to the Caribbean islands and about 16 species are widespread in South America with an emphasis in the Amazon region.

Cynometra species thrive in tropical lowland rain forests and swamp forests, often along streams and in coastal areas or in seasonal dry forests, forest and bush country, in the thickets, often on white sand. Some species dominate their locations.

System

The genus Cynometra was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 382. As Lectotypusart 1926 Cynometra cauliflora by Nathaniel Lord Britton and L. Percy Wilson in Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, pp. 363 set. The genus name is from the Greek words Cynometra cyno - for dog and for metro- lap, womb, this refers to the fleshy legumes of some species that are reminiscent of the abdomen of a dog.

The genus belongs to the tribe Cynometra Detarieae in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae within the Fabaceae family.

There are 80 to 90 Cynometra types:

  • Cynometra You abrahamii Puy & R.Rabev.
  • Cynometra Alexandrian CHWright ( Syn: Cynometra sankuruensis Vermoesen )
  • Cynometra americana bird
  • Cynometra ananta Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Cynometra You ankaranensis Puy & R.Rabev.
  • Cynometra aurita R.Vig.
  • Cynometra bauhiniifolia Benth.
  • Cynometra beddomei Prain: This endemic to the Western Ghats in the Indian state of Kerala species is probably extinct.
  • Cynometra bourdillonii Gamble
  • Cynometra brachymischa Harms
  • Cynometra brachyrrhachis Harms
  • Cynometra You capuronii Puy & R.Rabev.
  • Cynometra cauliflora L. (syn.: Cynometra acutifolia S.Vidal, Cynometra cauliflora var elongatis Hassk, Cynometra cauliflora var subsessilis Hassk. . ): The home of this type kaulifloren probably lies in eastern Malaysia's and it is grown in some tropical countries.
  • Cynometra commersoniana ( DC.) Baill. ( Syn: Cynometra cloiselii Drake, Cynometra glabra sensu R.Vig, Metrocynia commersoniana DC.. )
  • Cynometra congensis De Wild.
  • Cynometra copelandii ( Elmer) Elmer
  • Cynometra craibii Gagnep.
  • Cynometra crassifolia Benth.
  • Cynometra cubensis A.Rich.
  • Cynometra cuneata Tul.
  • Cynometra You dauphinensis Puy & R.Rabev.
  • Cynometra dongnaiensis Pierre
  • Cynometra duckei Dwyer
  • Cynometra elmeri Merr.
  • Cynometra engleri Harms
  • Cynometra filifera Harms
  • Cynometra fissicuspis ( Pittier ) Pittier
  • Cynometra gillmanii J.Leonard
  • Cynometra glomerulata Gagnep.
  • Cynometra greenwayi Brenan
  • Cynometra hankei Harms
  • Cynometra hemitomophylla ( Donn.Sm. ) Britton & Rose
  • Cynometra hondurensis Dwyer
  • Cynometra hostmanniana Tul.
  • Cynometra inaequifolia A.Gray
  • Cynometra insularis A.C.Sm.
  • Cynometra iripa Kostel.
  • Cynometra katikii Verdc.
  • Cynometra leonensis Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Cynometra letestui ( Pellegr. ) J.Leonard
  • Cynometra longicuspis Ducke
  • Cynometra longifolia Huber
  • Cynometra longipedicellata Harms
  • Cynometra lujae De Wild.
  • Cynometra Lukei Beentje
  • Cynometra lyallii Baker
  • Cynometra madagascariensis Baill.
  • Cynometra malaccensis Meeuwen
  • Cynometra mannii Oliv.
  • Cynometra marginata Benth.
  • Cynometra marleneae A.S.Tav.
  • Cynometra martiana Baill.
  • Cynometra megalophylla Harms
  • Cynometra michelsonii J.Leonard
  • Cynometra microflora Cowan
  • Cynometra minutiflora F.Muell.
  • Cynometra mirabilis Meeuwen
  • Cynometra novo - guineensis Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Cynometra nyangensis Pellegr.
  • Cynometra oaxacana Brandegee
  • Cynometra oddonii De Wild.
  • Cynometra palustris J.Leonard
  • Cynometra parvifolia Tul.
  • Cynometra pedicellata De Wild.
  • Cynometra pervilleana Baill.
  • Cynometra portoricensis Krug & Urb.
  • Cynometra ramiflora L. (syn.: .. .. .. Cynometra bifoliolata Merr, Cynometra bijuga clamping ex Miq, Cynometra bijuga Miq, Cynometra carolinensis Kaneh, Cynometra hosinoi Kaneh, Cynometra ramiflora var bifoliolata ( Merr. ) Meeuwen, Cynometra ramiflora subsp. bijuga ( Miq. ) Prain, Cynometra ramiflora subsp. genuina Prain, Cynometra ramiflora var mimosoides Wall. , Cynometra schumanniana Harms, Cynometra whitfordii Elmer, cynomorium sylvestre Rumph. , Maniltoa carolinensis ( Kaneh. ) Hosok. )
  • Cynometra retusa Britton & Rose
  • Cynometra You Sakalava Puy & R.Rabev.
  • Cynometra sanagaensis Aubrev.
  • Cynometra schlechteri Harms
  • Cynometra schottiana Hochr.
  • Cynometra sessiliflora Harms
  • Cynometra simplicifolia Harms
  • Cynometra sphaerocarpa Pittier
  • Cynometra spruceana Benth.
  • Cynometra stenopetala Dwyer
  • Cynometra suaheliensis ( Taub. ) Baker f
  • Cynometra travancorica Bedd.
  • Cynometra trinitensis Oliv.
  • Cynometra ulugurensis Harms
  • Cynometra vogelii Hook. f
  • Cynometra warburgii Harms
  • Cynometra webberi Baker f
  • Cynometra zeylanica Kosterm.

Use

The wood of some species (trade name: kekatong, Guapinol negro, nganga, baraka muhimbe, ) is versatile used: for example, to the production of ship keels, sleepers, floor coverings and wall coverings and it is used as timber and firewood. Some Cynometra species are used as shade trees and are a good bee pasture.

The seeds and fruits of Cynometra cauliflora be eaten. Cynometra sessiliflora is one of the tree species provide the Copal resin.

Swell

  • JH Ross: Flora of Australia, Volume 12, 1998: Datasheet in Flora of Australia Online (Sections Description, occurrence and systematics)
  • Datasheet for Legumes of the World of Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. ( Section systematics)
Rosids Malesia Railroad tie Agricultural Research Service
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