Daemonorops
Daemonorops draco
Daemonorops is an Asian native, species-rich, often climbing palm species. Several species provide rattan, some resin, a dragon's blood called.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
The representatives are single or multi-stemmed, reinforced palms. The stem is missing, erect or climbing the palm trees are high. They are predominantly several times flourishing, and rarely hapaxanth always dioecious. The strain has short or long internodes and is in the lower part of axillary or standing over the leaves buds branched.
The chromosome number is 2n = 26
The leaves are pinnate, rarely two parts and usually have a terminal tendril. This is missing on some stemless species, and young specimens. In stemless species, the leaf sheath is split, with the other species, the outwardly facing side is reinforced with dense spines. A Ochrea is rarely made . The petiole is usually well developed. He's like rachis and tendrils reinforced. The leaflets are simply folded, entire and linear to broad - lanceolate.
Inflorescences
The inflorescences are axillary, but are fused with the internode and the leaf sheath of the following sheet. Very seldom several inflorescences are formed simultaneously in the axils of distal leaves, the stem is then hapaxanth. The inflorescence consists of two or three orders of axes, male and female inflorescences similar, but the males are even more branches. The peduncle is present or absent, sometimes it is very long, erect or drooping and is reinforced different. The cover page is striking zweikielig, woody, leathery, membranous or securities. It differs greatly reinforced, Roehrig at the beginning, later tore. Bracts on the inflorescence stem are usually absent. The bracts of the inflorescence axis are approximately double line ( distich ), similar to the previous sheet, also tear the whole length. Your tips sometimes remain within the top of the cover page and form a beak, so the flowers to bloom including. The tips can also be free. The bracts, with the exception of the cover page usually fall to bloom from such blossoms releasing, very rarely are preserved. The cover sheet is sometimes empty, sometimes it carries a side branch of the first order. The first-order lateral axes are usually densely hairy flaky and wear very little, distich standing bracts. Each of these bracts bears an axis of the second order. These contribute in female inflorescences Blütendyaden in male wearing more lateral axes
The female inflorescences similar to male, but have stronger Rachillae. The female flowers are in dyads with a sterile male flower. The cover page (with Beccari Involucrophor ) of the dyad is most striking angular and stalk -like. The cover page of the female flower ( involucre ) is inconspicuous or cup-shaped. The sterile male flower is similar to the fertile, but has empty anthers, and falls early on.
Flowers
The male flowers wearing a short, röhriges, zweikieliges cover sheet ( involucre ), which is sometimes stalk -like design, but often is very inconspicuous. The calyx is cup-shaped and flat -lobed. The crown extends beyond the cup is generally twice as long as these parts, and nearly up to the base in three narrow triangular petals. The six stamens are at the mouth of the corolla tube. They are usually similar. The stamens are slim to rather broad, fleshy. The anthers are narrow to wide and are intrors. The pollen is ellipsoidal and bisymmetrical. Your longest axis measures 16-55 microns.
The female flowers are only slightly larger than the male. The calyx is cup-shaped and flat -lobed. The crown is about twice as long as the calyx and divided triangular lobe about half in three. The six staminodes are at the mouth of the corolla tube and anthers are empty. The gynoecium is incomplete dreifächrig with three ovules. It is fleshy, surface scaly, the ovules are basal and are anatrop.
Fruit and seeds
The fruits are of various shapes: round, inverted pear-shaped or cylindrical. The exocarp is busy with vertical rows of backward-facing, sometimes resinous scales. The mesocarp is thin, endocarp is not formed.
Per fruit usually matures only one seed. He is angular or rounded and provided with a thick, sweet or sour and bitter tasting sarcotesta. The endosperm is deeply furrowed. The embryo is basal.
Dissemination and locations
The area of the genus extends from the fringes of the Himalayas in India and southern China through the Malay Archipelago to the Philippines and the west coast of New Guinea. The highest morphological and species diversity reaches the genus on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
The species usually grow exclusively in primary tropical rain forest on a variety of soils, although some species have a very narrow ecological amplitude. A few species behave more like a weed and occur mainly at high-exposure locations such as river banks. Some species grow only in the mountains and come up to around 2500 m above sea level before.
System
The genus Daemonorops is placed in the subfamily Calamoideae, Tribe and subtribe Calameae Calaminae within the family Arecaceae. Within the subtribe it forms with Ceratolobus and Pogonotium a clade.
The genus is most likely not monophyletic, a new classification is not yet possible due to insufficient phylogenetic studies.
The genus includes 101 species. A list can be found in the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Use
The stems of many species are used locally as rattan and sold commercially. The shoot tips of several kinds can be used as food. Especially in the past, the red resin of the fruits of some species, especially of Daemonorops draco, Daemonorops rubra and closely related species was used as dragon's blood for medical purposes and for dyeing. The trafficking included Borneo, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and China.
Documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 200-203.