Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.

Daniel Edward Koshland, Jr. ( born March 30, 1920 in New York; † July 23, 2007 in Walnut Creek ) was an American biochemist. Koshland postulated the induced-fit theory and was from 1985 to 1995 chairman of the editorial journal Science. From 1965 he was professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

Life

Daniel Koshland was the son of Daniel E. Koshland entrepreneur senior, who in the management of Levi Strauss & Co. has worked since 1922, and his wife Eleanor Koshland, nee Haas.

Koshland studied from 1937 at the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated in 1941 with a Bachelor's degree in inorganic chemistry. He reported then volunteered for service in the United States Navy, but was rejected because of his lack of vision. Until 1942 he worked for Shell Chemical Company, after which he was recruited for the Manhattan Project, and worked at the University of Chicago under Glenn Seaborg at the extraction of plutonium. As of 1946, Koshland dedicated in Chicago with Frank Westheimer his scientific research doctorate, the title of Ph.D. he received in 1949. Between 1949 and 1951 he had a postdoctoral position at Harvard University holds, then he was until 1965 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory active. From 1958 to 1965 Daniel Koshland was also hired as a professor at the Rockefeller University. In 1965 he was a professor at the Department of Biochemistry of the University of California, Berkeley, whose director he was from 1973. From 1985 to 1995 Koshland held the editorial chair of the journal Science, to which he devoted himself to part-time.

Koshland was married from 1945 with the immunologist Marian Koshland ( 1921-1997 ). The marriage produced three daughters and two sons were born. In August 2000 Yvonne Cyr Koshland San Jule married.

Work

Daniel Koshland devoted himself for decades, the catalytic mechanisms of enzymatic reactions. In 1958 he published the induced-fit theory. Koshland and colleagues postulated In 1966, the sequential model of cooperativity. In contrast to the concentrated model proposed by Jacques Monod in the previous year Koshland assumed that the ligand binding can also induce a conformational change in only one subunit of an oligomeric protein, so that more potential intermediate states can be taken.

In the 1970s, Koshland dealt with the bacterial chemotaxis. He showed with Jean Yin Jen Wang in Salmonella typhimurium that in prokaryotes phosphorylation is carried out by protein kinases.

Overall, Daniel Koshland has published over 400 papers in scientific journals ..

During his tenure at the science peer review process was overhauled in 1993 a European office in Cambridge opened and a Board of Reviewing Editors set up, evaluate submitted in the active scientists working week. With This Week in Science a summary of the published in an issue of contributions for interested lay people has been established.

Awards and Affiliations

Koshland was awarded in addition to numerous other awards and honorary doctorates from the National Medal of Science ( 1990), the Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award (1998), Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award (1984 ) and the Pauling Award ( 1975). The Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award is given in honor Koshland since 2008 under the name Lasker- Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science.

He was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Works (selection)

• D. E. Koshland: How to get paid for having fun. In: Annual review of biochemistry. Volume 65, 1996, pp. 1-13, ISSN 0066-4154. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.000245. PMID 8811172nd autobiographical writing