Demolition

The demolition, demolition or dismantling referred to in building the complete or partially destroying and disposing of buildings of all kinds The demolition itself is performed by methods such as tearing, removal, disassembly, battering ( wrecking ball ), or use of controlled blasting. With larger buildings blowing up is preferred, unless the local conditions permit. Only if parts are broken, the more "soft" demolition devices such as wall saws and core drills are used.

General

For most demolition works special demolition permits are required, in which the demolition process are described in detail. Even with a partial abort within a home can be a demolition permit be required, especially when structural components are to be removed or if fire protection -related components are affected by the abort action.

Often an abort is made to build on the free surface become a new building. The partial abort changes are often made in the form and quality of the building stock. Since special risks not only with the abort, but also with one to abort provided building or abort house arises, the security against unauthorized access is especially important. Difficult abort projects (eg Abort with major equipment, blowing, etc.) may only be started if a written cancellation instructions, the demolition contractor is present on the site. This work will be carried out by mechanic for demolition and concrete cutting. The planned safety and health protection measures to be agreed with the safety and health protection co-ordinator ( HSC ). Especially in concrete structures demolition can be a process of months with great noise and dust. One of the best known examples is the 2006-2008 powered demolition of the Palast der Republik in Berlin.

Apartment deconstruction in Schönefeld (Leipzig)

Demolition of the tower of the Church of St. Lazarus entwidmeten in Lübeck

Beginning of the cooling tower demolition of the former blast furnace plant Lübeck

Demolition process

The different termination method that can be used individually and combined, are as follows:

• Tapping
• Strike
• Push in
• Retraction
• Prop
• Shearing
• Cleave

• Dismantle
• Blow up
• Boring
• Saw
• Thermal cutting (burning, oxygen lance core )
• Mill
• High pressure cutting and milling

Structures

With the demolition of building structures of both the controlled demolition of whole buildings as well as additions and conversions, as well as floors is meant. In contrast to previous uncontrolled demolition with the wrecking ball or by blowing up the demolition of buildings today often takes place as scheduled demolition, with extensive variety separating the individual materials and the protection of neighboring structures or components, as well as taking into account the emission protection. Debris is largely recycled; the disposal of C & D waste is expensive.

The demolition of power plants, especially nuclear power plants, and its funding was long regarded as an unsolved problem - among other reasons, because the planning and construction of the plants obviously nobody thought of an outline after the final shutdown.

Since the Second World War many thousands of kilometers of railway lines were demolished in Europe ( it is also called ' track degradation '). Some of them were to cycle routes. Also sidings of industrial enterprises ( " industry track " ) were demolished.

Urban and Regional Planning

Extensive, partly planar restoration measures found in France in the suburbs of large cities and in eastern Germany after reunification instead. In France, the demolition should eliminate especially social problems. In Germany, in the new federal states, the demographic development of the main determinant of a urban redevelopment. In the western provinces, there were, as in Bremen - Easter Wood - Tenever the demolition first for social reasons. Again, the decline in population will become increasingly important for the so-called deconstruction in some regions. The demolition of land previously used land is carried out to supply fallow property to a new use. By converting already built-up areas of urban relationships are maintained or recovered and the sealing land surface avoided.

The names demolition, demolition and dismantling

The names demolition, demolition and dismantling are used interchangeably.

They are often ' ordered ' in conjunction with the adjectives ' systematic ' or ' selective ' use. One can find unhappy ( because there is no uncontrolled demolition ); it is a tautology or a pleonasm.

In practice, the term ' deconstruction ' enforced because it sounds less brutal and politically elegant (see also Political Correctness ).

Historical demolition methods

Before one could rely on heavy construction equipment for removal of buildings, structures were aborted generally by human muscle power with a hammer or pickaxe. In the Middle Ages unneeded buildings were partially destroyed by purposely laid fire, which by careless procedure often also caused major fires as planned. Also, the collapse of walls by means bringing draw by applied ropes was a method already applied early.