Deschampsia cespitosa
Lawn Schmiele ( Deschampsia cespitosa )
The Lawn Schmiele ( Deschampsia cespitosa ) is a plant in the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). It is widespread in the temperate to arctic regions of Eurasia and North America.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaf
The Lawn Schmiele is a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of mostly 30 to 150, rarely up to 200 centimeters. Due to the formation of numerous renewal shoots which grow up within the lowest leaf sheaths, they reached a dense habit and forms dense, coarse clumps of.
The alternate arranged on the stems leaves are divided into leaf sheath and blade. The leaf sheaths are hairless. The long, flat leaf blades are on the top conspicuously rough and the smooth underside. The leaf blades have a characteristic seven-to eleven - parallelrippige structure. The ligule is a 6 to 8 mm long, membranous hem pronounced.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends into central Europe from June to August. The pyramid- shaped arrangement, Rispige inflorescence is up to 50 inches long and up to 20 inches wide. The panicle feel rough. The individual, zweiblütigen spikelets are only 4-5 millimeters long and are never transformed into leaf buds.
The top three annoying glume 3-4 mm long, lanceolate and tapering. The lower glume is only einnervig. The awn does not extend beyond the five annoying, 3-4 mm long, oblong- elliptical lemma in general. The palea is as long as the lemmas. The dust bags are about 1 to 2 millimeters long.
The caryopsis is about 2 millimeters long.
Ecology
The lawn is a Schmiele Hemikryptophyt and Horst grass. The plant is deeply rooted to 1 m. The vegetative propagation is done by underground runners. The stomata are located in the intervening troughs, and they are protected by a faint curl of the leaf under drought. The ribs are backwards rough, which probably serves as a defense mechanism.
Ecologically flowers are Windblütigkeit after " Langstaubfädigen type".
Diasporas ( propagation units) are covered by the deck and palea caryopses. The Spelzfrüchte thus formed are relatively easy and are subject to the wind spread as wind spreader or as balloonists or spread through water as Regenschwemmling or as Schwimmmfrucht. Because of the long, knee- shaped curved and hygroscopic awn they can adhere and spread itself by hopping movements on damp ground in the fur of animals. For this purpose, the random spread is by eating ungulates. The caryopses are light to germinate. Fruit ripening is from August to October.
Occurrence and grazing
The distribution area of lawn Schmiele includes large parts of temperate to arctic areas of Europe and Asia as well as North America. But in America it is not likely been originally home. Within mountain regions, it occurs even in tropical Africa and Asia, as well as in Australia ( Tasmania ) and New Zealand.
The Lawn Schmiele is spread from the plains to alpine altitude levels. They settled moist to wet meadows, pastures and marshes. In addition, there are occurrences in damp, sparse deciduous forests and in spring swamps. This sophisticated grass preferred mild to moderate acidic, humus-rich, nutrient-rich loam or clay soils. The lawn is Schmiele Ordnungskennart the wet meadows ( Molinietalia caeruleae ) and is also a Begleitart the creek source herb companies ( Montio - Cardamine Talia ). It is also found in societies deciduous forests ( Querco - Fagetea ).
Commonly the lawn Schmiele is often called due to its ambiguous - rough leaves than cutting grass. From cattle it is shunned because of this property. In meadows and pastures, the grass - Schmiele is considered rejuvenation resistant to water banks, however, it promotes sedimentation processes.
Subspecies
In the form Deschampsia cespitosa rich following subspecies distinction (selection) are:
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. alpina Chrtek & V.Jirásek
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. beringensis ( Hultén ) W.E.Lawr.
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. borealis
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. brevifolia
- Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. subsp. cespitosa
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. holciformis
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. obensis
- Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. orientalis
Trivial names
As another German -language common names, some only regionally, also related to the following names: field sedge, field Bentgrass, Glanzschmelen (Silesia ), Leethardel, Rabinen, Rabissgras, Rasenschmelen (Silesia ), admonish ( Lucerne, Basel), Schmalm (Bavaria), Schmelchen (Bavaria), Schmele ( Austria, Bavaria, Schwaben, Wetterau ), the Schmeler ( Austria ), Schmelle ( Schwaben), Schmiele ( Sclesien, Schwaben), Schmillen ( Transylvania), Schmöllen ( Salzungen, Schmolme ( Coburg ), Scholtgras (Oldenburg ), Smele (Göttingen), Smelhe ( middle High German ), Smelohe ( Old High German ) and bentgrass (Silesia ).