Deta, Romania
Detta (Romanian Deta ) is a town in Timiş county in the Romanian Banat.
Geographical location
The city lies about 40 km south of Timişoara and 20 km from the Serbian border and has 6575 inhabitants ( 2011).
Neighboring towns
History
The first written mention dates back to 1360 and refers to the possession of the noble Peter of Deed. According to him, the place was named. After the peace of Passaro joke on 21 July 1718 the Banat was connected after 164 years of Turkish rule of the Habsburg monarchy and placed under an imperial crown and chamber domain of the Vienna Imperial Government. It started the Habsburg colonization of the Banat Swabians by the so-called trains. 1720-1721, the town was settled by Germans from Bavaria and Alsace- Lorraine. 1924, the hitherto usual place name or Ded Dedul Mic was changed in Detta.
1810 Detta was appointed by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria to the city. 1858, the railway line was inaugurated Detta-Stamora/Morawitza As a result of the Austro- Hungarian compromise in February 1867 came the Banat domestically under Hungarian control. It put a huge Magyarisierungswelle, which reached its peak in the early 20th century. 1880, the first issue of the newspaper Dettaer. In 1946 it was discontinued. The old printing press is now in the Municipal Museum. 1885-1910 began the first wave of emigration to America. The majority of the emigrants settled in North Dakota, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
On 4 June 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon. The largest, eastern part, which also included ...., fell to the Kingdom of Romania. 1925, the company Fabrica de Industria Furnir si Lemnului Prochaska spa was founded, from which today's wood processing plant SC Plafaf S.A emerged.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany all ethnic German conscript men were drafted into the German army. Even before the war, in January 1945, the deportation of all ethnic German women took place between 18 and 30 years and men aged 16-45 years to build labor in the Soviet Union instead.
The land reform law of 23 March 1945 which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, the rural population escaped the livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to small farmers, farm workers and settlers from other parts of the country. Early 1950s, the collectivization of agriculture was initiated. Through the nationalization law of 11 June 1948 providing for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial establishments, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all farms took place regardless of ethnicity.
As the population along the Romanian- Yugoslav border of the Romanian governance after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion was classified from the Cominform alliance as a security risk, took place on 18 June 1951, the deportation " of politically unzuverlässlichen elements " in the Bărăgan - steppe, regardless of ethnicity. Romanian leadership aimed at the same time to break the onset of resistance to the upcoming collectivization of agriculture. Bărăganverschleppten When returning home in 1956, they received the 1945 expropriated houses and farms refunded. possession of the field, however, was collectivized.
Economy
Detta had an urban character very early on. As an important transportation hub between the Banat Plain and the Banat Mountains, the town became an important station of the grain trade. Also in 1854, the road - Temeswar Werschetz and operated from 1858 line - Temeswar Busiasch contributed to the development of trade.
In 1860 the first steam mill was built; until the turn of the century there were already five mills in Detta. The significance of these mills was all the greater because they contributed to the emergence of other important production units, such as oil presses, a power plant, an ore foundry, a machine shop, a machine repair shop, an installation for the production of artificial ice and a steam room. Beginning of the 20th century, there were also two brick factories in Detta.
The guild was founded in 1842 consisted of 22 skilled trades, their number rose to 1895 at 42. 1900 were registered 210 independent wholesale traders and 260 industrial units in the village. The best-developed craft industries were the Schuster estates with 28 and tailors with 22 employers, and the construction sector with 14 entrepreneurs. Some larger workshops claimed the title of a factory. So there were in the church founded in 1880 a hat, a Founded in 1888, soap and a soda-water factory built in 1890. 1900 were employed in trade 36.8 % of workers in the industry, 18.8% in agriculture and 9.6 %.
Traditional main employer in the town, a wood processing company, has now been superseded by the Austrian eybl AG, with about 1,500 employees, manufactures components for interiors of automobiles in Detta.
In construction is since the end of 2010 a foundry on the outskirts, which manufactures parts for power distribution. The mother plant is located in Switzerland. In future, there will be created in the first phase, around 120 jobs. The first cast was made in December 2010.
Demography
Personalities
- Josef Haubrich (1883-1939), Minister of War in Hungary ( 1919)
- Valeriu Boleanţu, lawyer, Prefect of the circle Timiş - Torontal (1930 )
- Ovidiu Ganţ (* 1966), German politician romania
- Julia Schiff ( born 1940 ), Romanian-German writer
- Roland Kirsch (1960-1989), German writer romania
- Peter Lamoth (1908-1995), romania German university teachers