Dillenia
Fruits of Dillenia suffruticosa
Dillenia or German also rose apple trees is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family of rose apple plants ( Dilleniaceae ). The distribution of most species is located in the tropical areas of Asia.
Description
The species of the genus Dillenia form mostly trees, rare shrubs, they are evergreen or rarely deciduous. The bark is red, gray or brown. The leaves are simple, alternate, up to 50 inches long, some with constant or falling stalk comprehensive wings. They are elliptic, oblong or oblong lanceolate with a distinctly protruding veins and a serrated edge. The flowers are large and are available individually or several to many in grapes. There are usually formed five, rarely four to 18 fleshy, often continue growing sepals. There are usually five, rarely four to seven petals, but also may be missing. The stamens are numerous, while having the inner dust bag frequently longer than the outer. The anthers open in two terminal pores or rarely in two closely spaced, elongated, straight slots. The four to 20 carpels are partially grown together to form a conical base of the flower. The carpel one to many ovules are formed. The fruits are enveloped by the enlarged sepals. Most are one or a few hard, brown to black formed seeds per carpel, which can have a seed coat.
Dissemination
Species of the genus Dillenia found from Madagascar to the Fiji Islands, on the Mascarene Islands, in South and Southeast Asia, in Indonesia and in Queensland. Most types are available in the tropical areas of Asia.
System
Dillenia is a genus in the family of the rose apple plants ( Dilleniaceae ). It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum. The genus name Dillenia he chose after a German physician and botanist Johann Jacob Dillen, whom he had met in 1773.
The genus can be assigned to about 58 to 65 species.
- Dillenia alata ( R.Br. ex DC. ) Banks ex Martelli
- Dillenia albiflos ( Ridl. ) Hoogland
- Dillenia andamanica C.E.Parkinson
- Dillenia aurea Sm
- Dillenia auriculata Martelli
- Dillenia beccariana Martelli
- Dillenia biflora ( A. Gray ) Martelli ex Guill.
- Dillenia blanchardii Pierre
- Dillenia bolsteri Merr.
- Dillenia borneensis Hoogland
- Dillenia bracteata Wight
- Dillenia castaneifolia ( Miq. ) Martelli
- Dillenia celebica Hoogland
- Dillenia crenatifolia Hoogland ex Mabb.
- Dillenia cyclopensis Hoogland
- Dillenia Diantha Hoogland
- Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Martelli ex Gilg.
- Dillenia eximia Miq.
- Dillenia fagifolia Hoogland
- Dillenia ferruginea ( Baill. ) Gilg
- Dillenia fischeri Merr.
- Dillenia hookeri Pierre
- Indian Rose apple ( Dillenia indica L. )
- Dillenia ingens B.L.Burtt
- Dillenia insignis ( A.C.Sm. ) Hoogland
- Dillenia insularum Hoogland
- Dillenia luzoniensis ( Vidal ) Merr.
- Dillenia mansonii ( Gage) Hoogland
- Dillenia marsupialis Hoogland
- Dillenia megalantha Merr.
- Dillenia monantha Merr.
- Dillenia montana Diels
- Dillenia nalagi Hoogland
- Dillenia obovata ( flower) Hoogland
- Dillenia ochreata ( Miq. ) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Martelli
- Dillenia ovalifolia Hoogland
- Dillenia ovata Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson
- Dillenia papuana Martelli
- Dillenia parkinsonii Hoogland
- Dillenia parviflora handle.
- Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.
- Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe
- Dillenia ptempoda ( Miq. ) Hoogland
- Dillenia pulchella (Jack) Gilg
- Dillenia quercifolia ( CTWhite & WDFrancis ex Lane - Poole) Hoogland
- Dillenia reifferscheidia Fern. - Vill.
- Dillenia reticulata King
- Dillenia retusa Thunb.
- Dillenia salomonensis ( C.T.White ) Hoogland
- Dillenia scabrella ( D.Don ) Roxb. Wall ex.
- Dillenia schlechteri Diels
- Dillenia serrata Thunb.
- Dillenia sibuyanensis ( Elmer) Merr.
- Dillenia suffruticosa ( Griff. ) Martelli
- Dillenia sumatrana Miq.
- Dillenia talaudensis Hoogland
- Dillenia triquetra ( Rottb. ) Gilg
- Dillenia turbinata Finet & Gagnep.
Use
Some species, including the Indian Rose apple, are cultivated as ornamental trees because of their large, decorative, often white flowers, Indian rose apple in addition also for its edible fruit.