Dire Dawa
Dire Dawa ( Ge'ez: ድሬ ዳዋ Dəre Dawa, Somali: Dire Dabbe; Oromo: Dirre Dhawaa or Dirre Dawaa; well Dire Daua, Diredaua ) to Addis Ababa is the second largest city in Ethiopia. It lies in the northeast of the country on the railway line from Addis Ababa to Djibouti City. Politically, it has the status of an independent city.
- Here born 3.1
History
The town was founded in connection with the construction of the railway line from Addis Ababa to Djibouti City. The track was originally supposed to perform on the location in the highlands traditional city of Harar. Dire Dawa, however, should be a repair and inspection site. For this reason, engineers and skilled workers from France and Italy were settled here. As the costs soared during construction of the railway line in the air, they chose the cheaper option of a distance course at the foot of the mountains through the desert, and let Dire Dawa build as the administrative headquarters of the railway line. The city was partially grid- shaped, with rectangular blocks of houses, planned and established in 1902. It is unique in Ethiopia in this form. The river divides the city Dechatu in the older southern and northern part of the younger.
1938 lived about 20,000 people in Dire Dawa, of which 3,500 were Europeans ( 3,000 Italians, 290 Greeks, 110 Frenchmen ). 1965 were born in the city, according to official statistics, 23% of people living in Dire Dawa men and 26 % of women. 1967 were counted 50 733 inhabitants, of whom 50% had Amharic as their mother tongue, 51 % Christians and 46% Muslims. 66.8 % were illiterate. After the revolution of 1974 a number of Europeans, Yemeni Arabs and Indians left the city, and the Greek and Armenian churches were closed due to lack of members.
In Ogadenkrieg 1977/78, the Ethiopian government could keep the city, but the railway was damaged during the Somali invasion, and remained closed for a year. By 1987, the population had more than doubled to 107 150. On 31 May 1991, the EPRDF took Dire Dawa, where about 100 people are believed to have perished. On July 7 of the same year it came after a great demonstration of the Oromo riots against Issa - Somali.
Following the reorganization of administrative divisions of Ethiopia in 1991, were created with the ethnically defined regional states, the Somali Dire Dawa wanted to make it their regional capital. However, they were instructed by the central government to choose a different capital, as well as the Oromo region of Oromia laid claim to this city. Later Dire Dawa was an independent city as the capital of Addis Ababa.
In 1994, 48 % of the population Oromo, Amhara 28 % and 14% Somali. 63.2 % were Muslim.
Presence
Politically, the city between the adjacent regions Somali and Oromia remains controversial.
In the parliamentary elections in Ethiopia in 2005, the two seats of Dire Dawa went in the national parliament to the Somali People's Democratic Party (SPDP ), which is connected with the ruling EPRDF coalition, and the opposition alliance Qinijit. In the local elections of 2008, the SPDP won the 2008 74 seats (out of 189) in 16 ( of 63) kebeles, whereas the EPRDF won 114 seats in 47 kebeles.
The area around the cities of Dire Dawa, Harar and Jijiga forms, not least because of its relative proximity to international ports of Djibouti and Berbera in Somaliland, according to the metropolitan area of the capital, Addis Ababa, the second most important economic agglomeration of Ethiopia. Dire Dawa has an airport.
Population
According to the 2007 census were of the 342 827 inhabitants, 46.08 % ( 157 991 ) Oromo, 24.24 % ( 83 114 ) Somali, 20.09 % ( 68 887 ) Amhara and 4.54 % ( 15,554 ) Gurage. 70.9 % of the population were Muslim, 25.65% Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. 32.5 % lived in rural areas.
2005 visited 54.8 % of children in Dire Dawa ( 60.6 % of boys, 48.7 % girls ), a primary school, 38.2 % ( 45.4 % boys, 31.4 % girls ) enrolled in school on secondary education. Thus, the city has the second highest enrollment rates to Addis Ababa.
Personalities
Born here
- Youssouf Hersi ( b. 1982 ), Dutch footballer