Domestic roof construction

Roof structure referred to in architecture and construction, the tower of a roof, which is necessary for its stability design. The term differentiates itself so far from the roofing from, which is supported by the roof structure.

A similar concept is roof structure, as the structure of a roof. Roof work is the sum of the wooden roof structure. Roof scaffold is a further alternative name for the set of the roof supporting construction. Frequently, the term " roof " is used synonymously. In a narrower sense, however, this referred only part of the roof structure, namely a formed usually from stool columns, thresholds, Rähmen and struts supporting structure that serves the longitudinal reinforcement and load transfer of the roof work.

A significant role in roof structures plays the building materials of wood, particularly in the context of two classic variants, the rafter roof and the purlin. Steel and reinforced concrete structures, wooden designs ( eg, glue and nail binder) can be found especially in large halls.

  • 4.1 truss
  • 4.2 truss frame
  • 4.3 glulam beam
  • 4.4 span 40 m
  • 4.5 span 20 m
  • 4.6 Trussed girder

Saddle roof

The gable roof is the most common roof structure due to the use in residential construction.

Support members and stiffener

Key elements of roof construction are:

  • The battens consisting of individual battens with the minimum dimension 24/48 mm carry the roof cover and on the rafters or roof sheathing ( rainproof sub- roof) to be attached. In addition, they can be used in combination with a Windrispenband also for longitudinal reinforcement of the roof support structure.
  • The roof sheathing contributes to the sheet metal roof, the roof covering, in addition it can run diagonally to the longitudinal reinforcement are used. Note: You can also be used for making a rainproof sub- roof.
  • The rafters support the roof battens, however, its dimensioning depends rather on the increasing demands of energy (EnEV ) than those to the applicable statics.
  • Purlins support the rafters. They are used at the purlin and the Mittelpfetten most dimensioned components of a roof support structure.
  • The headband reduced the span of the purlin and is used to a lesser extent the longitudinal reinforcement of the roof support structure.
  • The stand serves as a support point for the purlin. He stands on the top floor ceiling.
  • The Windrispe is used for the longitudinal reinforcement of the roof support structure. For example, an alternative to Windrispenband, it is fixed from below to the rafters.
  • The Windrispenband is fastened to the rafters or the roof sheathing and serves the longitudinal reinforcement of the roof support structure.

Rafter roof

The rafter roof is one of the traditional roof structures for the production of a gable roof. The wooden rafter roof was and is especially for small building depth 7-8 meters and built a roof pitch of ≥ 30 °. By installing a beam results in a throat collar roof, a special form of rafter roof. With the collar beam roof can also be larger spans or building depths realize.

Purlin

The purlin is a different roof structure for the production of a gable roof. His eponymous main feature are the horizontal purlins on which rest the sloping rafters.

Truss rods and truss

The explosive or truss is used to support the roof support structure when the load transfer takes place only on the outer walls. They are applied when the roof space offers enough space. The spacing of the individual containers can be about 3.5 m to 5.5 m, and the intermediate distance can for example be interrupted by openings.

  • In a truss, the loads on the ( explosive ) are removed struts. It is essential that the load on the supporting construction and is intercepted only via the support structure. If the bar is supported at only one point, one speaks of a simple truss. If it does support in two places, it is a "double truss rods ". The two explosive struts are then supported to accommodate the horizontal forces by a clamping bolt against each other. In this case, therefore, is the space above the bridge beam completely free of structural measures.
  • In a truss, the loads are transferred via struts. However, here it is essential that the load is less than the supporting structure and is suspended by a suspension column. This means that in the suspended column a tensile force acts. In our example, that is, the space below the bridge of the bridge girder is substantially free of components. Depending on the situation and the desired effect, choose accordingly, a truss or a truss.
  • Hanging blasting works are combinations of the two constructions.

Flat roof (flat roof)

The flat roof is a roof with a low slope, the inclination of the primary drainage is used. In the extreme case, the flat roof consists only of the roof covering, which is on the top floor ceiling. It may be the joists, reinforced concrete slab or similar.

Hall roof

The hall roof is a vast roof structure to bridge large spans of up to 60 meters. The long-span roof structures are used for example for the construction of riding arenas, gymnasiums, warehouses and industrial buildings.

Timber Engineering

The timber construction is also made by carpenters. The beams are made of solid wood ( construction timber ) or glulam.

Truss

All three static systems are built with a tie spacing of 4 m to 10 m.

  • The triangle -shaped binder in the form of a gable roof spans of 7.5 m to 30 m and in the form of a pitched roof spans of 7.5 m to 30 m, with a slope of 12 ° to 30 °.
  • The trapezoidal binder are the same forms and reaches spans of 7.5 m to 30 m, with a roof slope of 3 ° to 8 °.
  • The parallel connector is flat and reach spans from 7.5 m to 60 m.

Truss frame

  • Three-hinged frame, wingspan: timber frame 15 m to 30 m - frame with pillars of glulam 25 m to 50 m
  • Einhüftiger three-hinged frame, wingspan 10 m to 20 m
  • Two hinged frames, Wingspan: timber frame 15 m to 40 m - frame with pillars of glulam 25 m to 60 m

Glued laminated beam

  • Parallel single-span beams, span 10 m to 35 m
  • Saddle Roof-shaped single span beams, span 10 m to 35 m
  • Simply supported beam ( Bent gable roof ), span 10 m to 35 m

Span of 40 m

  • Parallelgurtiger tie ( even or uneven )
  • Pent roof ties ( Sloping top chord )
  • Pent roof ties ( Inclined binder)

Span of 20 m

  • Saddle roof truss (triangle)
  • Polonceaubinder

Trussed girder

Carrier with braces ( "Air Support " ) are for evenly distributed loads, such as a glass structure. The top chord is subjected to bending, it is excessive to stabilize.

  • Inclined carrier with Vertikalspreize
  • Inclined beam with vertical strut
  • Inclined carrier with dual sub- spreading
  • Inclined carrier with triple bottom spread, deflection required
  • Polonceaubinder, ~ rafter roof with raised drawstring and trussed rafters
  • Flat Inclined Polonceaubinder with a low center drawstring
  • Polonceaubinder with doubly -supported rafters as Viergelenkstabzug
Timber roof truss Sill plate Structural analysis Wind brace Glued laminated timber Nikolaus Pevsner Integrated Authority File
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