Dublin Core

Dublin Core is a data format used in librarianship.

More specifically, it is a collection of simple and standardized conventions for describing documents and other objects in the Internet in order to make this easier to find with the help of metadata. Author of this scheme is the " Dublin Core Metadata Initiative" ( DCMI ).

The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative ( DCMI )

The DCMI was founded in 1994 on the brink of World Wide Web Conference in Chicago. Some questions on the Information Description and Indexing Interested decided to stay there, to organize a conference on these topics. This conference, which was held in Dublin / Ohio in March 1995, was named after the organizing bodies, the Online Computer Library Center and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, OCLC / NCSA Metadata Workshop. At this conference, the approximately 50 participants agreed on a basic set of descriptive terms for categorizing web resources and metadata called this amount after meeting Dublin Core metadata.

Authors of Web resources should be put through this metadata schema in a position to describe their resources so that they can be found approximately by keyword -based search engines. Because the schema quickly and so attracted the attention of libraries, museums to be an international agreement on a core set of metadata developed from this initiative.

Today ( September 2005) has the DCMI over a number of specialized working groups ( "communities" ). The employees in these working groups is voluntary and unpaid, are involved mainly employees of organizations that have an interest in the development and dissemination of metadata standards. The work of these groups is led by a small group, the Directorate. The Directorate is a kind of board to the side (Board of Trustees ). There are also consultative bodies as the Advisory Board, which consists of the heads of the working groups and external experts, in essence, and the Usage Board, whose task is the development of an adequate terminology for the categories of metadata.

The current tasks of the DCMI are the development and maintenance of the metadata schema, the development of tools and infrastructure to facilitate the management and maintenance of metadata and dissemination of knowledge and information about metadata through training, etc.

Dublin Core element

The following 15 core fields, Eng. core elements, are recommended as " Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1 ( ISO 15836 )" by DCMI. The " DCMI Metadata Terms " recommend additional fields as well as detailed as fields (element Refinements ) that allow tailored to specific needs of description and categorization. All fields are optional, can appear multiple times and unlike other metadata schemas appear in any order. Document is available here as representative of the factory or in general source.

ID

  • Identifier: Unique identification of the document for a matching catalog, for example, ISBN / ISSN, URL / PURL, URN and DOI, and possibly the entry ( bibliographicCitation ) how the document is to quote.

Specifications

  • Format: The format specification is designed to support, so the document can be displayed or further processed; Size or duration than (extent ); Media type ( medium) as an indication of the physical disk or material to digital content based usefully as a MIME type to specify.
  • Type: the type or genre of the document referred to, best use of a term, more correctly by naming a URI from the " DCMI Type Vocabulary ". Collection ( "Collection" ) of sub-documents, each with its own metadata. accrualPolicy: What criteria is the collection together? accrualMethod: With which method the compilation is made? accrualPeriodicity: With what frequency sub- documents are added?
  • Event of limited duration ( "Event" ), the metadata record particularly evident in a sense is an end in itself and represents something like a calendar entry with reference to the actual source.
  • Clay material ( "Sound" ) voice clips over- tones to the audio CD, which is intended for the direct sound ( see ID3 tag).
  • Images ( " Image " ) is used for photographs, paintings, prints, maps, charts and drawings or play as well as animation, movies / videos or TV programs as a generic term. The latter are by a second type element ( "Moving Image " ) as moving in (see MPEG -7), the former by a second type element ( " Still Image " ) as immobile (see IPTC), or as an illustration of text-based ("Text" ).
  • Text-based content (" Text").
  • Real, physical objects ( "Physical Object " ), but not their images ( " Image " ) or descriptions ("Text" ).
  • Interactive document (" Interactive Resource "), which requires user input, such as a form.
  • Program ("Software" ) as source code or executable form, insofar as it is not an interactive document, but for permanent installation.
  • Record ( " dataset " ) in a special, custom coding, which is intended for automated processing.
  • Services or services ("Service" ), such as a copy shop, and a Web server.
  • Language: language of the document content. Recommended is a language code according to ISO 639, supplemented where necessary by a country code according to DIN EN ISO 3166, which a " Hyphen - Minus" is prefixed: thus for example gsw for Swiss German, ger -ch for writing German to Swiss rules, ger -de -by for Bavarian, or simply ger or common de for German. The in individual elements (eg, see below alternative ) language used is not characterized by language, but with an appropriate symbol formation in the element itself.

Description of the contents

  • Title: title of the document, under which it is made " formally announced ". The field is often taken over by displaying programs in the title bar. Abbreviations or translations of the title are given an alternative to the formal title (alternative).
  • Subject: subject of the content in seeking suitable keywords ( keyword), at best, following a formal classification scheme.
  • Coverage: containment of the content covered by the document area in general, spatial / local for example, by name after TGN, also by specifying the coordinates ( spatial ) or time ( temporal) in numbers by naming an era or period.
  • Description: Executive Summary of the contents of the document in free text (abstract ), copy the table of contents or list of ingredients ( tableOfContents ) or as a reference to a descriptive source. The field is often listed in dialogs of processing programs as a "comment".

Persons and rights

  • Creator: After the DCMI name of the person or organization that is primarily responsible for the creation of the document, ie the responsible author or authors ( see source, contributor and publisher ) of the document in its current version. That should be, but need not be a natural person.
  • Publisher: Name of the published instance, typically the publisher or editor. Again, does not have to, but the responsible individual should be designated.
  • Contributor: Name who has made or is responsible to contribute to the creation of the document, depending of another person.
  • Rights holder: Name of the person or organization that owns or recyclers of the rights in this document is.
  • Rights: information for clarification of the rights that are held on the document or these are concerning to note as a direct indication in the form of a reference (URI) to license terms ( license) or rightholder. Under (access rights ), the security status of the document is specified and who has access to it or may have.
  • Provenance: Details about the authenticity of the document, eg Signature, if necessary description of the change history.

Networking

  • Source: Refers ( cf. above Identifier) ​​to a document from which the currently described document was derived in whole or in part.
  • Relation: refers ( cf. above Identifier) ​​with the described document is related to a document.
  • Audience: Classification of the target audience of the document, as specified by the creator, the publisher or by a third party. On side of Endrezipienten (eg students), for example, for progress within a training program ( education level ) or on the opposite side, a classification of the instance ( mediator ), which mediates access to the document (eg, teachers).
  • InstructionalMethod: Based on documents instructions for the reception, information on the learning process from planning to evaluation and feedback.

Life cycle

  • Date: A characteristic date or even a time in the life cycle of the document that makes sense in notation according to DIN ISO 8601, addressed as YYYY- MM-DD in the sense of editing comments and well into the future. In case of doubt, the date of last modification of the document. Otherwise, the relevant date regarding Copyright ( dateCopyrighted ), " created on " ( created), " presented at " ( dateSubmitted ), " modified " (modified ) " received on " ( dateAccepted ), " published on " (issued ), "stands ready up " ( available), " entered into force on valid up " ( valid).

Applications of Dublin Core

Dublin Core metadata can be represented as RDF / XML. They are part of documents in standardized OpenDocument format. Another example application is RSS 1.0.

In normal, written in HTML web pages Dublin Core metadata can be specified in the document head with the general meta element. As an indication of the name space used "DC. " Should for the core elements or " dcterms. " be prefixed for Refinements. Usefully, the reference definition of the schema used is indexed first.

Example:

  • Metadata format
  • Semantic Web
  • Semantic desktop
  • Indexing
  • Descriptive cataloging
  • WebCite
Dublin (Ohio) Uniform Resource Locator Persistent Uniform Resource Locator Uniform Resource Name Digital Object Identifier MPEG-7 Integrated Authority File
223457
de