Duke of Lancaster

Duke of Lancaster ( Duke of Lancaster ) is an English peerage in the Peerage of England, named after Honour, Castle and City of Lancaster in the county of Lancashire. The title Duke of Lancaster became extinct along with the last king of the House of Lancaster, but it is still performed traditionally by the British monarch.

Award

The first award of the title Duke of Lancaster was made on March 6, 1351 by Edward III. and with the approval of Parliament. The first winner of the ducal title was Henry of Grosmont, 4th Earl of Lancaster, who had acquired this recognition of his services to the English crown. At the same time the Duchy of Lancaster was modeled after the status of a county of Cheshire palantine with the associated rights, such as his own office, their own courts and officials. Henry of Grosmont left no male heir, and then the Duchy of Lancaster became extinct with his death in 1361.

His estates were inherited by his first two daughters, Maud and Blanche, until in 1362 Maud died unexpectedly. Then the entire Lancaster Heritage went to Blanche and her husband John of Gaunt, the third eldest son of Edward III. On these and the male heirs was subsequently granted by the king in the Parliament meeting on November 13 of the same year the title Duke of Lancaster for the second time. Under John of Gaunt again the resulting Duchy Lancaster has also been enhanced by significant possessions.

After the death of John of Gaunt in 1399 Richard II confiscated but these possessions, while Gaunt's son and heir Henry Bolingbroke lingered in exile. This intervened and set from Richard II to then climb as Henry IV of England to the throne itself. The Duchy of Lancaster merged by first with the Kronbesitz before the duke was the third and last time, granted to Henry of Monmouth, later Henry V of England.

Henry IV had also decreed that the duchy of Lancaster was not to be regarded as part of the Kronbesitzes and would manage consequently separated from this. This special status as a managed separately from Kronbesitz unit was later confirmed by Edward IV, the first English king from the House of York in a charter, when he came to power in 1461. When in 1471 Henry VI. , The last legitimate heir to the dukedom passed away, there was no official Dukes of Lancaster more.

Duchy of Lancaster in the modern era

The owner of the English royal throne, however, called themselves after the relapse of the duchy to the crown Dukes of Lancaster - a practice which was later officially recognized by George V ( 1865-1936 ). The Duchy of Lancaster ( Duchy of Lancaster) is still one for personal, inherited the property of the monarch, which of it has to do the bulk of his personal fortune. It is managed separately from the Crown Estate ( Crown Estate ).

List of Dukes of Lancaster

Duke of Lancaster, First Creation ( 1351 )

  • Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster ( 1306-1361 )

Duke of Lancaster, Second Creation ( 1362 )

  • John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster ( 1340-1399 )
  • Henry Bolingbroke, 2nd Duke of Lancaster ( 1366? -1413 ), Henry IV since 1399

Duke of Lancaster, third Creation ( 1399 )

  • Henry of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Lancaster ( 1387-1422 ), since 1413 Henry V.
Honour (feudal barony) Edward III of England Richard II of England Henry VI of England Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
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