Duomo

Dom (from the Latin domus "house" ) or cathedral churches are called, which are characterized by their size, architectural and artistic reasons, or for a special meaning, and historically justified. In the Upper German Münster has a similar meaning.

Although many cathedrals are also known as the Cathedral, the terms are not synonymous. Only churches that are the seat of a bishop, wearing the title of cathedral.

Etymology

The word cathedral for an important church is a shortening composite Latin names containing the element domus "house", eg domus Dei, "House of God ", the place of worship. Domus ecclesiae other hand, was initially the residence of the clergy ( College of cathedral chapter ) next to the church. In Latin domus way, is feminine, for example sancta domus " holy house ".

Related words are in Italian, in Scandinavia and used in some other languages ​​: Italian duomo, Danish domkirke, Norwegian domkirke, Swedish domkyrka, Finnish tuomiokirkko, Estonian Toomkirik, Latvian doms, Slovak dóm.

The English equivalent dome means, however, " dome ", which is why sometimes erroneously a dome is considered as a criterion for a Dom.

Local features

Italy

In Italy there were wealthy cities, which also built themselves their representative duomo without a bishop.

Germany

From the particularly associated with the history of the Holy Roman Empire and individual emperors imperial cathedrals, some also had a bishop's seat, others not.

The Protestant under the domes were built today, with the exception (s) in Berlin before the Reformation and today are often no more cathedrals. Basically, the term refers Cathedral in Protestant cathedrals in Germany on their pre-Reformation function.

Among the cathedrals in Germany, there are:

  • Catholic Cathedrals ( built as a cathedral or subsequently became a cathedral )
  • Former Catholic cathedrals; the diocese was lifted or moved the episcopal
  • Other Catholic collegiate churches or former collegiate churches
  • Other Catholic churches
  • Former Catholic cathedrals or collegiate churches, Protestant churches now
  • Other formerly Catholic churches
  • Originally Protestant churches

Among the imperial cathedrals there are:

  • Coronation churches with and without episcopal
  • Palace churches with and without other function
  • An imperial foundation with no other function

Austria

In Austria, all Austrian Roman Catholic. Cathedral churches under the name " Cathedral ', ie the Erzbistumskirchen Vienna ( Stephansdom) and Salzburg ( Virgildom ), and the seven Suffraganbistumskirchen Eisenstadt, Linz ( New Cathedral ) and St. Pölten ( Archdiocese of Vienna), Feldkirch, Graz- Seckau, Gurk, Innsbruck ( Archbishopric of Salzburg), as well as isolated former cathedral churches (like the Ancient Linz Cathedral, the Cathedral of Wiener Neustadt or the Cathedral and parish Church of St. Andrew / Lavant ) - the Militärkathedralkirche at the Theresa Military Academy Wr. Neustadt and the immediate Wettingen - Mehrerau not be called "Dom ", not even the Greek Orthodox and Russian Orthodox Metropolitan Church and the main churches of other denominations. In addition, the term is generally also in the sense that large church ', so for the extraordinary for the land overgrown rural parish church of St. Johann ( Pongau Cathedral ) or Collegiate Church Hospital ( Dom am Pyhrn ).

In total there are 12 so episcopal churches (11 Catholic, 1 Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox 1 ), and about 15 "dome" called churches in Austria. Cathedrals in the Gothic type is available in Austria among the great churches only sporadically ( St. Stephen's Cathedral, Wiener Neustadt, Mariazell ), a few cathedrals Italian style ( Renaissance / Baroque: Salzburg, Old Cathedral of Linz), and a few gotisierte or Baroque style vorgotische basilicas, historicist some after-sensations (such as the Votive Church of Vienna). The word " cathedral " does not know you.

Scandinavia

Even in Scandinavia, much of the Dome was built before the Reformation. There are also Protestant Episcopal churches are referred to as cathedrals, the Episcopal seat were after the Reformation, or were ever built only as a Lutheran churches. The few Catholic cathedrals in Scandinavia are usually architecturally insignificant buildings from the 19th and 20th centuries.

In Finland, hot Protestant Episcopal churches tuomiokirkko, Catholic and Orthodox only katedraali.

Berlin Cathedral Architecture Female Evangelical Church in Germany Protestant Reformation Salzburg Cathedral Eisenstadt Cathedral Gurk Cathedral Innsbruck Cathedral Old Cathedral, Linz Gothic art
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