Dutch Defence

The Dutch Defence is a chess opening of the game. It is among the Closed games and is classified in the ECO codes A80- A99 below.

History

The Dutch defense was first mentioned in 1789 by the Dutch chess player Stein in his book Nouvel essai sur le jeu des Echecs. The most played variants of the Dutch Defence have long been the Ilyin - Genewsky variant as well as the Stonewall building. These systems have been replaced in the last 30 years from the Leningrad System, which was developed by the Leningrad chess players. The Leningrad system combines ideas of the Dutch and the King's Indian defense.

Opening ideas

The plan of the Black is to control the point e4 and eventually occupy a Springer and the figures to focus on the kingside to proceed there to the attack on the king. By contrast, the White tries, eg with e2 -e4 or d4 -d5 to open the center and often combines this with play on the queenside.

Main variants

Each of its main variants begins with the moves:

1 d2 -d4 f7 - f5

However, if you want to avoid the Staunton Gambit as Black, a structure about 1 ... e7 - e6 f7 - f5 and only then is also possible, if not Know 2 e2- e4 pulls. Such Mikhail Botvinnik has opened more frequently. Black can then, after white e2 -e4, proceed with d7 -d5 in the French Defence, also a preferred variant of the former world champion.

The main variants of the Dutch Defence count ( the trains can also be played in a different order ):

• Classical system: 2 c2 - c4 Ng8 - f6 3 g2 - g3 e6 e7 - 4 Lf1 - g2. After the first 4 white trains following sequels are common: Ilyin - Genewsky - system: 4 ... Bf8 - e7 5 Sg1 -f3 0-0 6 0-0 d6 d7 (named after Alexander Ilyin - Schenewski The former popularity is reflected in the placeholders ECO A96 to A99. ). It is characterized by the construction with e6 and d6 with Be7. Black wants to enforce e5. Then, his Bc8 comes into play and he can possibly attack on the kingside. The white plan is to come to e4 and become active in the e-file. After, for example, 7 Sc3 Qe8 8 Te1 Qg6 9 e4 Nxe4 Nxe4 11 fxe4 10 Txe4 is represented by the case of 11 ... dxe4? 12 Sh4 realized.
• Stonewall with Be7 construction: 4th ... Bf8 - e7 5 Sg1 -f3 0-0 6 0-0 d7 -d5 (ECO A93 to A95 ). The structure is called Stonewall because the center opens only rarely. With the shift of the game on the wings Black hoped kingside attack. The exchange of blows between dark-squared bishop via a3 (prepared by 7 b2 -b3 ) are white, the slightly better end game. In this case, the resulting by exchanging the white white -squared bishop against a black knight endgame knight against bad bishop would be ideal, because it is superior to the runner in closed positions of the jumpers.
• Stonewall with Bd6 construction: 4th ... c7 - c6 5 Sg1 -f3 d7 -d5 d6 6 0-0 Bf8. By De7 the exchange of blows between dark-squared bishop is delayed via a3. Alternatively, this Abtausch comes about via Lf4.
• Alekhine Variation: 4 ... Bf8 - e7 5 Sg1 -f3 0-0 6 0-0 Nf6 -e4
• By the early c2 - c4 are maneuvers with 4 ... Bf8 - b4 possible as in Bogolyubov - Alekhine, Hastings 1922, Euwe - Alekhine, Zandvoort 1935 Frequently by the early development of the white kingside is 2 g2 - g3, 3 Lf1. - g2, 4.Sg1 -f3, 5 0-0 a Bb4 avoided.

The Stone Wall - with or without white Fianchetto - is an unfashionable opening variant, offering players that is why the average skill level good practical chances. For many years the Stonewall setup was applied with Be7 by Mikhail Botvinnik. Its typical maneuver was Qd8 - e8 - h5 in preparation for the offensive on the kingside.

In addition to variants

• Diverter: 2 Sg1 -f3 - f6 Ng8 ( goes to the variants mentioned above via )
• Rubinstein system: 2 c2 - c4 e7 - e6 3 Nb1 - c3 (named after Akiba Rubinstein )

The other plan provides for a procedure in the center by Dc2, e3, Bd3, Sge2 and f3 together with e4. In this case, both castling possibilities have been seen for white. In certain circumstances the advance g2 - g4 instead of e3 -e4 may be useful.

• More playable versions are 2 Nb1 - c3 or the Bogolyubov awarded 2 Lc1 - g5. In the latter, the harmonious development of the black kingside to be difficult. The hunt for the runner by 2 ... h6 3 Lh4 g5 4 Lg3 must be stopped here, because after 4 ... f4? 5 e3 Matt threatened by DH5.

Others

With the Bird Opening ( 1 f2 - f4 ) or the Stonewall attack positions of the Dutch Defence with colors reversed can be achieved.