Dysderidae

Small Assel Hunter ( Dysdera erythrina )

The Six eyes spiders ( Dysderidae ) family, also known simply Six eyes are very small to medium sized (1.5 to 15 mm ) Genuine spiders with barrel shaped abdomen and cylindrical front body. Their representatives have six eyes in a forward group on the front edge. They have powerful chelicerae and short, strong legs.

The name should not be confused with the term for spiders with six eyes, which include for example the Dwarf Six eyes spiders ( Onopidae ) belong. Most spiders have eight eyes. In some families, 8 eyes are originally created but two pairs of eyes grown, so it looks like they have only six eyes. Few families have actually only three pairs of eyes.

Lifestyle and spaces

The mostly nocturnal hunters live mainly on the ground and in the leaf litter of forests or hide under tree bark; the choice of habitats is partly (if known) of the tree species dependent: Dasumia canestrinii inhabited oaks. Some six eyes spiders form endemic genera and species on islands in the Mediterranean, which may also indicate a low incidence trend. The spreads with a focus on the Mediterranean and habitats consistently show that they are climatically stenök adapted to drought and heat; some species are more often found in the mountains than in the plains.

In Central Europe, 14 species from four genera of the family of six eyes spiders are native. They are rarely found. Most species are

  • Harpactea lepida CL Koch, 1883 ( poor grass and dry deciduous forests ),
  • Dysdera erythrina Walckenaer 1802 (oak forests, nutrient-poor grasslands, vineyards, rocky Ruderalfluren )
  • Dysdera crocata CL Koch, 1883 (forests, wetlands, gardens, quarries, caves, houses, damp basements )
  • Harpactea hombergi Scopoli, 1763rd

Genera and species and their localities

Worldwide are currently 24 kinds are known which comprise 489 species.

  • Cryptoparachtes Dunin, 1992, Georgia and Azerbaijan
  • Dasumia Thorell, 1875, Southern and Eastern Europe, Lebanon
  • Dysdera Latreille, 1804, the most species-rich genus, Asia, Europe, the Mediterranean
  • Dysderella Dunin, 1992, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan
  • Dysderocrates Deeleman - Reinhold & Deeleman, 1988, Romania, Mediterranean
  • Folkia Kratochvil, 1970, Greece and Balkans
  • Harpactea Bristowe, 1939, Europe, west Asia, North Africa
  • Harpactocrates Simon, 1914, Southwest and Central Europe
  • Holissus unciger Simon, 1882, Corsica
  • Hygrocrates Deeleman - Reinhold, 1988, Georgia, Rhodes
  • Kaemis Deeleman - Reinhold, 1993, Italy, Balkans
  • Mesostalita Deeleman - Reinhold, 1971, Croatia, Balkans, Italy
  • Minotauria Kulczyn'ski, 1903, Crete
  • Parachtes Alicata, 1964, South
  • Parastalita stygia Joseph, 1882, Balkans
  • Rhode Simon, 1882, Balkans, Corsica, Mediterranean
  • Sardostalita patrizii Roewer, 1956, Sardinia
  • Speleoharpactea levantina Ribera, 1982, Spain
  • Stalagtia Kratochvil, 1970, Greece, Balkans
  • Stalita Schiödte, 1847, Balkans, Slovenia, Italy
  • Stalitella noseki Absolon & Kratochvil, 1933 Balkan
  • Stalitochara kabiliana Simon, 1913, Algeria
  • Tedia Simon, 1882, Israel, Syria
Haplogynae Carl Ludwig Koch Woodlouse spider Giovanni Antonio Scopoli Carl Friedrich Roewer
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