Dyslalia

Dyslalia is a collective term for disorders of the debate or the articulation. The former, no longer common name is stammering. Colloquially under stammering often rather stuttering understood. Even in the literature is sometimes found these false equivalence.

In the current scientific discourse has also distanced itself from the term " dyslalia " and uses the term rather words like " pronunciation disorder " or " articulation disorder ". In the more medical-therapeutic literature but still finds the terminology " dyslalia " use.

Fault image

Basically, two types of Dyslalien be distinguished: disturbances in the phonetic range and interference in the phonological area.

• Under the phonetic aspect are Dyslalien interference in the formation of speech sounds: sounds can not be formed correctly due to articulation motor difficulties; So it is a speech disorder. The most common example of such a disorder is the Sigmatismus ( " lisp " ), are formed defective in the S-sounds and sibilants.
• The phonological aspect, however, sees Dyslalien as disruptions in the use of speech sounds: sounds can indeed formed isolated correct, but are not applied in accordance with the said systematic rules. They are often omitted or replaced by other native-language sounds, such as the / t / of the / k /. It is therefore a language disorder.
• Rarely occurs even in a mixed form of both disorders, called phonetic- phonological disorder. In this form, sound education and loud- use disorders are mutually dependent.

On the phonetic level, there are in addition to the common Sigmatismus several other errors which are described from the name of Greek / Hebrew letter for the incorrect spoken sound and from the suffix- ism (as well as the linking element - t or- z- ) result:

If a malfunction picture before so that a certain sound is replaced by a completely different, the name of this error still gets the prefix para-; for example, called for replacing the s- text by a t- According to this disorder Parasigmatismus.

Classification according to the severity of the dyslalia

Another classification can be determined by the severity of the dyslalia up, namely on whether only one sound or more are affected:

• Inconstant dyslalia: if a certain sound is sometimes right and sometimes incorrectly formed;
• Inconsistent dyslalia: a sound is depending on sound position or word replaced by different sounds;
• Partial dyslalia: one to two sounds are incorrectly formed, the language is still easy to understand;
• Multiple dyslalia: more than two sounds are concerned, the language is less well understood;
• Universal dyslalia: most sounds are concerned, the language consists mainly of vowels (hence also called " vocal language " means, other synonym for the universal dyslalia: " Hottentottismus " ), the language is hardly intelligible.

Causes

Causes of Dyslalien are in most cases of perception and processing of auditory and visual disturbances in the area, as well as disorders of the organs of speech (usually in the region of the oral musculature). Often, however, there are also genetic or family- related causes before or the sound is not used in the native language and is unknown to her.

Therapy

Since there are two different forms of Dyslalien when failures occur in phonetic and phonological area, including different methods of therapy are appropriate. It is never " the " form of therapy that is used prescription -like; rather in speech therapy practice in each therapeutic approaches are being developed that are tailored to the individual needs of patients and consist of existing therapy blocks as well as own new ideas. The therapies usually go a medical history interview, a detailed diagnosis and possibly other therapeutic measures such as dental or medical treatments ears forward.

Basis of the treatment of the phonetic disorders is the "classic articulation therapy " by Charles Van Riper. It consists of the three parts of the exercises to external and internal perception, the correction phase and the stabilization phase. The therapy assumes that a faulty sound patterns can be changed only when the speaker his mistakes are aware of.

In the phonological therapy is the " Metaphonkonzept " the most common treatment basis. Occasionally there are also the so -called " minimal pair therapy" and the " Phonological therapy" ( translated into German by Annette Fox). Therapies phonological disorders are in most cases more laborious because the problems are often deeper than in phonetic disorders. Children with untreated or inadequately treated phonological disorder are also at higher risk of acquisition of written language disorder.