Dysphania ambrosioides
Mexican Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania ambrosioides )
The Mexican Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania ambrosioides ), and Epazote, Fragrant goosefoot, Mexico Drüsengänsefuß, Mexican grape tea or epazote called, is a flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). This intensely smelling plant serves as a medicinal herb and spice.
- 7.1 spice and tea plant
- 7.2 Medicinal plant
- 7.3 Other uses
- 8.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Dysphania ambrosioides is an annual, sometimes a few years, outlasting herbaceous plant that is covered with uniseriate multicellular hairs and glandular hairs and an intense aromatic smell ( like lemons, savory or mint ) exudes. The upright or ascending, striped stems are at plant height of 0.3 to 1 (rarely up to 1.5 ) meters thick branches with delicate branches.
The aromatic leaves are usually stalked up to 18 mm long, the upper often sessile. The lamina has a length of generally from 2 to 8 ( up to 15) inches and a width of usually from 0.5 to 4 ( up to 5.5 ) inches. The Spreitenform is are oval to lanceolate to lanceolate with wedge base. The leaf margin is irregularly dentate or coarsely toothed, with the upper leaves often entire.
Inflorescence and flower
The 3-7 cm long, aged men inflorescences are composed of spherical seated knäueligen part inflorescences with a diameter of 1.5 to 2.3 mm; these consist of three to five blooms in the arm of a leaf sheet-like carrier sheet having a length of 0.3 to 2.5 cm.
The small, yellow hermaphrodite (sometimes female ) flowers have a perianth of ( rarely three ) to four or five to about half their length intergrown tepals. With a length of 0.7 to 1 mm, they are ovoid, rounded blunt tip on the back and glandular hairy. There are four to five stamens and three prominent scars present.
The flowering period extends from June to September. The pollination is generally due to the wind, but can be performed by self-pollination.
Fruit and seeds
At the time the fruit perianth surrounding the fruit. The wrinkled to smooth pericarp is not due to the seed. The reddish- brown to reddish black, horizontal or vertical seed is ovate with blurry edge at the height of 0.6 to 1 mm and a diameter 0.4 to 0.5 mm. The seed coat is smooth or wrinkled.
Chromosome number
The chromosome number is 2n = 32 For a basic chromosome number of n = 8, this type tetraploid. In other sources and numbers of chromosomes 16, 36 and 48 are indicated.
Photosynthetic
The Mexican Drüsengänsefuß is a C3 plant with normal leaf anatomy.
Ingredients
The leaves and seeds contain up to 2% of an essential oil with the main ingredient ascaridol a Monoterpenperoxid.
Ecology
The Mexican Drüsengänsefuß is a food plant for butterfly caterpillars eat so Miniersackträger the genus Coleophora that Dickkopffalter Pholisora catullus and Staphylus mazans and cutworms Amyna octo and Rachiplusia ou to this Article
Occurrence
Dysphania ambrosioides is native to tropical and subtropical Americas. It has been settled by planting or naturalizing worldwide in warm areas. In Europe, this species is naturalized in all warm temperate regions. Since it is not hardy, it grows in Central Europe only on specially protected sites in the lowlands.
In Germany the Mexican Drüsengänsefuß first appeared in the 18th century. Today, this heat-loving neophyte rare and impermanent grows as a ruderal weed debris in hallways, on garbage dumps or on the banks ( in the system of plant sociology: Sisymbrietea officinalis) on very nutrient-rich sand and clay soils.
System
Dysphania ambrosioides belongs within the genus Dysphania to section Adenois ( Moq. ) Mosyakin & Clemants.
The first publication of this kind took place in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, under the name Chenopodium ambrosioides in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 219-220. She was commissioned in 2002 by Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants in the genus Dysphania ( in Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj Žurnal, Volume 59 ( 4), p 382).
Other synonyms for Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants are: Ambrina ambrosioides (L.) Spach, Atriplex ambrosioides (L.) Crantz, Blitum ambrosioides (L.) Beck, Chenopodium ambrosioides var suffruticosum ( Willd.) Graebn. and Teloxys ambrosioides (L.) and Chenopodium WAWeber integrifolium Vorosch. and Chenopodium suffruticosum Willd .. An often wrongly -used name is Chenopodium anthelminticum.
Previously Chenopodium ambrosioides var anthelminticum also was filed in this way, but according to recent studies, it is managed as a separate kind of worm seed Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants ).
Trivial names and etymology
The Mexican Drüsengänsefuß has numerous German names, such as Epazote, Mexican tea, Mexican herbs of tea, Mexican ragweed, tea pigweed, ragweed, Fragrant goosefoot, Mexico Drüsengänsefuß, fragrances pigweed, Mexican goosefoot, epazote and of Mexican grape tea. The word epazote comes from the Nahuatl and consists of epatl for skunk and Sotl, synonymous with sweat or dirt. It points to the intense smell of the herb.
Use
Spice and tea plant
In Mexican cuisine, fresh or dried Epazoteblätter be used particularly as blähungsminderndes spice for bean dishes. Epazote is common, especially in southern Mexico.
The leaves are known as " Mexican tea " prepared.
Raw leaves should be consumed only in small quantities, as the essential oil is toxic. The plant can cause dermatitis and other allergic reactions.
The seeds are edible cooked. To remove the saponins, they should be soaked before cooking in water overnight and rinsed well.
Medicinal plant
The Mexican Drüsengänsefuß is a most common medicinal plants. Because of the disinfecting effect of the addition of Ascaridols Epazoteblättern to cooked beans reduces flatulence otherwise easily occur. An infusion of the leaves is for digestive problems, colic or stomach pain applied ( carminative ).
It is also effective against cough ( anti-asthmatic ). Externally it is used as an envelope for haemorrhoids, insect bites or snake bites and for wound healing. It relieves pain ( analgesic) and to treat fungal infections ( antifungals ).
The previously counted on this kind of worm seed Drüsengänsefuß or worm herb is particularly ascaridolreich. Its seeds or derived therefrom essential oil were used in folk medicine for centuries in use as a vermifuge and also against dysentery amoeba ( dysentery ) is effective. Because of the toxicity of this treatment should be done under medical supervision and not for pregnant women.
Other uses
The essential oil from the plant is also used in cosmetic products use.
The plant has insecticidal and is used as a repellent against mosquitoes, as an additive in the fertilizer against insect larvae and lice and bedbugs.
It also serves as Dye plant, with golden -green hues are achieved.