École normale supérieure

The universities are scientific Grandes Écoles normal supérieures écoles in France and other Francophone countries. There, the Ecoles normal supérieures are traditionally elite universities, which is reflected in a rigorous selection process, the special status of their students and a very good financing. Their primary goal is to train for research and teaching at high schools and universities.

History

The first École Normale Supérieure (ENS ) (Eng. " Higher Normal School" ) was founded in 1795 at the suggestion of Joseph Lakanal in the " Comité d'instruction publique " and has since been based in the Rue d' Ulm in Paris. More ENS were launched under Jules Ferry 1880-1882. It involves the ENS Fontenay, the ENSJF in Sèvres and the ENS Saint- Cloud. The École normale supérieure de l' Enseignement technique ( enset ), ENS Cachan today, was founded in 1912. 1966, including the status of all normal Écoles supérieures was unified. After some reorganization in the wake of decentralization and desegregation since the 80s exist today in France three Écoles normal supérieures:

• ENS (rue d' Ulm ) in Paris
• ENS Cachan, Cachan near Paris, with a branch office in Ker Lann (Brittany )
• ENS Lyon, Lyon

All ENS were originally founded as normal Écoles and renamed over time in normal Écoles supérieures to distinguish them from the emerging Écoles normal ( primaires ). The latter were training schools for kindergarten and elementary school teacher and have been in 1990/91 replaced by the Institute universitaires de formation of maîtres.

In 1810, Napoleon Bonaparte founded a ENS on Italian soil: the Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS ) in Pisa.

Status

The ENS are government, research universities, which are subject to the French Ministry of Education. They should according to its statutes " prepare students through a cultural and scientific high-level training for a career in applied or basic research, teaching in universities, preparatory classes and the secondary I and II, as well as more broadly to the civil service and activities in public institutions or companies. "