Economy

The term referred to in the original sense, the economic analysis of all human and material expenses and income that are used to secure the maintenance of the people - for example, hunting and fishing, farming and animal husbandry, trade and commerce.

In the modern sense of economy or economics is the totality of all the facilities and actions that serve the planned covering the demand. The economic institutions include companies, private and public households, the conduct of economic activity manufacturing, advertising, consumption, circulation and distribution, and " recycling " / " disposal " of goods. Such relationships exist, for example, on environmental, macro-, city - and business level.

Economies is called any human activity in the presence of the dominant culture, which planned and efficiently (with the goal of the best possible satisfaction of needs ) decides on scarce resources (see scarcity, resource allocation).

• 3.1 Economics
• 3.2 Business Law
• 3.3 Economic Sociology
• 3.4 Other

Term

The word economy is derived from host within the meaning of hosts and host for the purposes of ( a ) pay and is the German translation of the Greek word οἰκονόμος oikonomos (from ancient Greek. Οἶκος oikos, house ' and νόμος nomos, law ' or ' rule', originally: νέμω nemein: allocate '/ opt ') the housekeeper or even host means. Of these, also the German word economics is derived. In precisely this sense, the economic theory deals with the laws of economic budget.

Organization

Serves the economies exclusively personal use, as in the original hunter- gatherer cultures or shifting cultivators, it is called subsistence farming.

Are offset by the economic forms, which are mainly influenced by the exchange of goods. They are also called acquisition economies. Their development has led to the modern economic systems.

Economic systems

There are a number of economic systems; as its essential forms apply market economy and a centrally planned economy.

The political and legal form, which provides the framework for the economic activities within an economy is called the economic order.

The following forms of economic systems have from top to bottom an increasing state share:

• Anarcho Capitalism
• Free market economy (based on the classic liberalism ( economic liberalism ) )
• Nepotism
• Syndicalism
• Free Economic
• Humane market economy
• Social Market Economy (based on neoliberalism and Ordoliberalismus )
• Eco-Social Market Economy
• Welfare state ( Scandinavian model)
• Mercantilism
• Corporatism (including military economy )
• Planned economy

Furthermore, there are some forms of economy that can not be incorporated into this system, such as feudalism, mutualism, economic democracy and self-sufficiency.

Economy by geography

Traditionally, a distinction is made ( the totality of international economic relations ) between the (national) economy and the world economy. Increasing importance obtain transnational economies. One of its most important representatives of the European internal market; next as a result of globalization, the whole world is a utility room.

The national economies differ significantly and are therefore shown in the respective articles:

• Economy of the Federal Republic of Germany
• Economy of the German Democratic Republic
• Economy of Austria
• Economy of Switzerland
• Economy of the United States

More articles on the economies of individual nations can be found in the

• Category: Economics from state to state.

Economic sectors

The economics divides the economy into sectors of the economy. This finds its basis in the three- sector hypothesis of economics.

Furthermore, the economy is in economic activities (synonym: Industry ) divided. These are groups of companies that produce similar products or provide similar services. Official statistics of economic activities based on the European Standard Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques (short NACE).

Economic policy

Economic policy is the totality of all political, especially government efforts, actions and measures that aim to organize the flow of economic activity in a region or area, to influence, to shape or to establish directly. The science of economic policy is to finance.

Economic policy is usually divided into planning policy, structural policy and process policy.

• To order policy is one competition policy.
• For structural policies include infrastructure policy, regional policy and sectoral structural policies.
• For process policies include labor market policy, fiscal policy, fiscal policy, monetary policy, trade policy, economic policy.

Business-related disciplines

Economics

The economics ( and economics ) are concerned with the scientific study of the economy. Economics and business administration are distinguished Traditionally here.

Economic history is a bridge discipline between the economics and the science of history. It examines the historical economic development in conjunction with other cultural changes.

The economics have led to a number of economic theories. Key economic theories are ( chronologically by date of origin space ):

• Classical political economy (including Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, Thomas Robert Malthus and Jean -Baptiste Say)
• Marxism (including Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Rosa Luxembourg )
• Neoclassical theory (including Vilfredo Pareto, Léon Walras )
• Austrian School (among other Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich August von Hayek and Carl Menger )
• Neoliberalism / Ordoliberalismus (including Walter Eucken, Alexander Rustow, Frank Knight)
• Keynesian ( John Maynard Keynes )
• Monetarism (including Milton Friedman )

Business Law

Commercial law is the totality of all private law, criminal law and public law standards and measures by which the acts of the State on the legal relations to economic partners among themselves and in relation to the state and is the generic term for the right of economic transactions, and the legal basis of economic policy.

The Business Law consists of three elements: economic Constitutional Law, Administrative law and business law.

Is partly added also counted the economic criminal law, ie the law against economic crime.

Economic Sociology

The economic sociology deals with the sociological analysis of the economy and economics. Topics include, for example, the network formation, the dynamics of markets away from models based on perfect markets and the consequences of bounded rationality by consumers.

Others

• The business education is concerned with the transmission of knowledge and skills from the field of economics.
• The business journalism reports on events in the economy and deals with them.
• The economic philosophy reflects on the theoretical and practical foundations of the economy and its sciences.
• The business ethics deals with the moral justification of economic systems, ethical behavior of economic agents (see corporate ethics ) or with the value of freedom of economics.
• The economic history examines the historical development of economies and the underlying social processes.